Rhetorical Move Metode Riset dalam Artikel Ilmiah Berbahasa Arab: Perbandingan Penulis Arab dan Indonesia
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the rhetorical structure of the methodology section in Arabic-language scientific articles written by native Arabic speakers and Indonesian speakers, particularly in linguistics and education. Using a qualitative approach and content analysis method, the study applies Zhang and Wannaruk’s (2016) Move and Step framework to identify rhetorical patterns and examine the use of tense and voice in the methodology section. The data were obtained from 80 journal articles—40 in education and 40 in linguistics—equally divided between Arab and Indonesian authors, selected through purposive sampling. The findings show that Move 2 (describing data collection procedures) is the most dominant (56.9%), indicating that the majority of authors place greater emphasis on technical and procedural aspects rather than research design (Move 1: 19.5%) or data analysis procedures (Move 3: 23.5%). Indonesian authors focus more on Move 2 (62.7%) than Arab authors (51.7%), while Arab authors demonstrate a more balanced structure across the three Moves. From a linguistic perspective, it was found that the use of Māḍi (past tense) is more dominant than Muḍāri’(present tense), especially in Moves 1 and 2, as these parts describe processes already carried out. Active voice is more frequently used in Moves 1 and 2, while passive voice is more dominant in Move 3 to maintain objectivity rather than emphasize the researcher’s role.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Aulia, N., Syihabuddin, S., & Supriadi, R. (2025). Rhetorical Move Metode Riset dalam Artikel Ilmiah Berbahasa Arab: Perbandingan Penulis Arab dan Indonesia. Aphorisme: Journal of Arabic Language, Literature, and Education, 6(1), 384–408. https://doi.org/10.37680/aphorisme.v6i1.7139
References
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Arsyad, S., & A. (2018). Memahami dan Menulis Abstrak Artikel Jurnal. Halaman Moeka Publishing.
Arsyad, S., Hakim, H., & Astria, H. (2021). Rhetorical Structure and Linguistic Features of Abstracts: a Comparative Study of Local, National and International Journals in English Education Written by Indonesian Authors. Komposisi: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Seni, 22(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24036/komposisi.v22i1.109987
Azzam, A., Syafryadin, & A. (2016). Rhetorical Structure of Method Sections of Postgraduate Thesis in English Education Study Program Students. 2019, 1–23.
Becker, J. (1981). Hindu-Buddhist Time in Javanese Gamelan Music. In The Study of Time IV (pp. 161–172). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5947-3_13
Briones, R. R. Y. (2012). Move Analysis of Philosophy Research Article Introductions. Philippine ESL Journal, 9(1), 56–75.
Chaer, A. (2007). Linguistik Umum. Rineka Cipta.
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (5th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.
Eardley, A. F., Banister, E., & Fletcher, M. (2020). Can Academic Writing Retreats Function as Wellbeing Interventions? Journal of Further and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2020.1744542
Ellis, R. (1986). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University Press.
Emeksiz, Z. E. (2021). Stance Taking and Passive Voice in Turkish Academic Discourse. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(4), 3475–3480. https://www.academia.edu/download/80074384/1173390.pdf
Fang, Z. (2021). Demystifying Academic Writing: Genres, Moves, Skills, and Strategies. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003131618
Hadianto, S. A., Arsyad, S., & Syafryadin, S. (2024). The Rhetorical Structure of Method Section of Research Articles in Reputable International Journal of ELT Published in Indonesia. Linguists: Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 10(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.29300/ling.v10i1.4263
Hakim, H., Arsyad, S., & Syahrial, S. (2021). Rhetorical Moves and Linguistic Realizations of Research Article Abstracts by Indonesian Authors in Applied Linguistics Published in International Journals. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature), 6(1), 46–71. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i1.11800
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Hyland, K. (2018). Genre and Second Language Writing. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0535
Indirasari, D. T. (2019). Metafora Waktu dan Penalaran Temporal dalam Perspektif Budaya Waktu. Buletin Psikologi, 27(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.44124
Kafes, H. (2016). Generic Structure of the Method Sections of Research Articles and MA Theses by Turkish Academic Writers. International Journal of Language Academy, 4(12), 132. https://doi.org/10.18033/ijla.429
Kanafani, A., Nurcik, A. B., Harisbaya, A. I., Qurratu’aini, S. F., Kurniawan, E., & Lubis, A. H. (2022). Rhetorical Move and Linguistic Features Comparative Analysis of Research Article Abstracts by Authors of Different Organizational Backgrounds. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2021) (pp. 129–135). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211119.021
Kanoksilapatham, B. (2005). Rhetorical Structure of Biochemistry Research Articles. English for Specific Purposes, 24(3), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2004.08.003
Kanoksilapatham, B. (2012). Research Article Structure of Research Article Introductions in Three Engineering Subdisciplines. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 55(4), 294–309. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2012.2223252
Kaya, F., & Yaǧiz, O. (2020). Move Analysis of Research Article Abstracts in the Field of ELT: A Comparative study. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(1), 390–404. https://doi.org/10.17263/JLLS.712854
Khaerunnisa, K. (2020). Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Karya Ilmiah Melalui Pendekatan Kolaboratif. Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 13(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.30651/st.v13i1.3762
Lakic, I. (1997). Genre Analysis of Article Introductions in Economics. Asp, 15–18, 409–426. https://doi.org/10.4000/asp.3239
Malmir, B., Khany, R., & Aliakbari, M. (2019). Journal Article Highlights in Applied Linguistics: an Exploration into the Rhetorical Moves and Their Lexico-Grammatical Features. Journal of English for …, 8(4), 49–63. http://journalscmu.sinaweb.net/article_96017_12119.html
Mosquera, H. J., & Tulud, D. M. (2021). Methodology Section of Graduate School Thesis Manuscripts: A Genre Analysis Probe of Rhetorical Structure. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(9), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.32996/jeltal
Musa, N. F., Khamis, N., & Zanariah, J. (2015). The Structure of Method Section in Engineering Research Articles. Asian Social Science, 11(17), 74. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n17p74
Peacock, M. (2011). The Structure of the Methods Section in Research Articles Across Eight Disciplines. Asian ESP Journal, 7(2), 98–124.
Pfeiffer, V. F., & van der Walt, C. (2019). Ethno-Linguistically Diverse South African Students’ Writing. Per Linguam. https://doi.org/10.5785/35-2-852
Ramadhanti, D., & Yanda, D. P. (2021). Students’ Metacognitive Awareness and its Impact on Writing Skill. International Journal of Language Education. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v5i3.18978
Safnil, A. (2014). The Discourse Structure and Linguistic Features of Research Article Abstracts in English by Indonesian Academics. 10(2), 191–223. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED569125.pdf
Samraj, B. (2013). Form and Function of Citations in Discussion Sections of Master’s Theses and Research Articles. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 12(4), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2013.09.001
Setyowati, N. (2020). Problematika Pembelajaran Kitabah dan Tarjamah di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Aphorisme: Journal of Arabic Language, Literature, and Education, 1(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.37680/aphorisme.v1i1.323
Skendaj, K. (2024). The Need for Academic Writing in Albania. Acta Educationis Generalis. https://doi.org/10.2478/atd-2024-0011
Sovann, L., Safnil, S., & Syafryadin, S. (2022). Rhetorical Structure of Method Section: A Comparative Study on Research Articles Written by Cambodian Authors Published in National and International Journals. English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, 15(1), 168–192. https://doi.org/10.24042/ee-jtbi.v15i1.12072
Sulaiman, S. (2022). Students’ Ways of Understanding Academic Writing. Journal of General Education and Humanities. https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v1i4.32
Suntara, W., & Usaha, S. (2013). Research Article Abstracts in Two Related Disciplines: Rhetorical Variation Between Linguistics and Applied Linguistics. English Language Teaching, 6(2), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n2p84
Supriadi, R., Sudana, D., Kurniawan, E., Nurmala, M., & Meftahi, M. (2024). The Use of Tense and Aspect in Arabic: A Ccomparison of Educational Research Articles by Native and Non-Native Speakers. Al-Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 16(1), 480–500. https://doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v16i2.24421
Suryani, F. B., & Rismiyanto, R. (2019). Move Analysis of the English Bachelor Thesis Abstracts Written by Indonesians. Prominent, 2(2), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.24176/pro.v2i2.4229
Tadjuddin, M. (2013). Bahasa Indonesia: Bentuk dan Makna. Alumni.
Tseng, F. (2011). Analyses of Move Structure and Verb Tense of Research Article Abstracts in Applied Linguistics. International Journal of English Linguistics, 1(2), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v1n2p27
Villaruz, J. M. (2024). Metacognitive Awareness of Writing Strategies, Oral Proficiency, and Writing Instructions: A Structural Equation Model of Academic Writing Skills in Filipino Language. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i7690
Xiao, Y., & Zhao, A. (2022). A Case Study on the Impacts of Social Contexts on a Chinese English as a Foreign Language Learner’s L1 and L2 Identities Development. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772777
Zhang, B., Thuc, Q. B. T., & Pramoolsook, I. (2012). Moves and Linguistic Realizations: English Research Article Abstracts By Vietnamese Agricultural Researchers. 8, 126–149.
Zhang, Y., & Wannaruk, A. (2016). Rhetorical Move Analysis in Academic Writing: A Framework for Understanding. Journal of Language and Linguistics, 2(18), 123–140.
Zhu, P. (2022). Cultural Influence on ESL Students’ Writing. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.12.21.
Amatullah, M. N., & Aziza, L. F. (2020). Interferensi Bahasa Indonesia dalam Bahasa Arab: Kasus pada Kesalahan Berbahasa Siswa Kelas X MAN 1 Sragen. Alsuniyat: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya Arab, 3(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.17509/alsuniyat.v3i1.23913
Arboleda, A. D. B. (2022). Move Analysis of Thesis and Dissertation Abstracts in One Philippine Graduate Institute. Premise: Journal of English Education, 11(3), 576. https://doi.org/10.24127/pj.v11i3.5437
Arsyad, S., & A. (2018). Memahami dan Menulis Abstrak Artikel Jurnal. Halaman Moeka Publishing.
Arsyad, S., Hakim, H., & Astria, H. (2021). Rhetorical Structure and Linguistic Features of Abstracts: a Comparative Study of Local, National and International Journals in English Education Written by Indonesian Authors. Komposisi: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Seni, 22(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24036/komposisi.v22i1.109987
Azzam, A., Syafryadin, & A. (2016). Rhetorical Structure of Method Sections of Postgraduate Thesis in English Education Study Program Students. 2019, 1–23.
Becker, J. (1981). Hindu-Buddhist Time in Javanese Gamelan Music. In The Study of Time IV (pp. 161–172). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5947-3_13
Briones, R. R. Y. (2012). Move Analysis of Philosophy Research Article Introductions. Philippine ESL Journal, 9(1), 56–75.
Chaer, A. (2007). Linguistik Umum. Rineka Cipta.
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (5th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.
Eardley, A. F., Banister, E., & Fletcher, M. (2020). Can Academic Writing Retreats Function as Wellbeing Interventions? Journal of Further and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2020.1744542
Ellis, R. (1986). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University Press.
Emeksiz, Z. E. (2021). Stance Taking and Passive Voice in Turkish Academic Discourse. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(4), 3475–3480. https://www.academia.edu/download/80074384/1173390.pdf
Fang, Z. (2021). Demystifying Academic Writing: Genres, Moves, Skills, and Strategies. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003131618
Hadianto, S. A., Arsyad, S., & Syafryadin, S. (2024). The Rhetorical Structure of Method Section of Research Articles in Reputable International Journal of ELT Published in Indonesia. Linguists: Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 10(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.29300/ling.v10i1.4263
Hakim, H., Arsyad, S., & Syahrial, S. (2021). Rhetorical Moves and Linguistic Realizations of Research Article Abstracts by Indonesian Authors in Applied Linguistics Published in International Journals. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature), 6(1), 46–71. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i1.11800
Hellalet, N. (2021). A Comparative Study of American and Moroccan University Students’ Perception of Academic Writing. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v6i3.654
Hyland, K. (2018). Genre and Second Language Writing. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0535
Indirasari, D. T. (2019). Metafora Waktu dan Penalaran Temporal dalam Perspektif Budaya Waktu. Buletin Psikologi, 27(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.44124
Kafes, H. (2016). Generic Structure of the Method Sections of Research Articles and MA Theses by Turkish Academic Writers. International Journal of Language Academy, 4(12), 132. https://doi.org/10.18033/ijla.429
Kanafani, A., Nurcik, A. B., Harisbaya, A. I., Qurratu’aini, S. F., Kurniawan, E., & Lubis, A. H. (2022). Rhetorical Move and Linguistic Features Comparative Analysis of Research Article Abstracts by Authors of Different Organizational Backgrounds. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2021) (pp. 129–135). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211119.021
Kanoksilapatham, B. (2005). Rhetorical Structure of Biochemistry Research Articles. English for Specific Purposes, 24(3), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2004.08.003
Kanoksilapatham, B. (2012). Research Article Structure of Research Article Introductions in Three Engineering Subdisciplines. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 55(4), 294–309. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2012.2223252
Kaya, F., & Yaǧiz, O. (2020). Move Analysis of Research Article Abstracts in the Field of ELT: A Comparative study. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(1), 390–404. https://doi.org/10.17263/JLLS.712854
Khaerunnisa, K. (2020). Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Karya Ilmiah Melalui Pendekatan Kolaboratif. Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 13(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.30651/st.v13i1.3762
Lakic, I. (1997). Genre Analysis of Article Introductions in Economics. Asp, 15–18, 409–426. https://doi.org/10.4000/asp.3239
Malmir, B., Khany, R., & Aliakbari, M. (2019). Journal Article Highlights in Applied Linguistics: an Exploration into the Rhetorical Moves and Their Lexico-Grammatical Features. Journal of English for …, 8(4), 49–63. http://journalscmu.sinaweb.net/article_96017_12119.html
Mosquera, H. J., & Tulud, D. M. (2021). Methodology Section of Graduate School Thesis Manuscripts: A Genre Analysis Probe of Rhetorical Structure. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(9), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.32996/jeltal
Musa, N. F., Khamis, N., & Zanariah, J. (2015). The Structure of Method Section in Engineering Research Articles. Asian Social Science, 11(17), 74. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n17p74
Peacock, M. (2011). The Structure of the Methods Section in Research Articles Across Eight Disciplines. Asian ESP Journal, 7(2), 98–124.
Pfeiffer, V. F., & van der Walt, C. (2019). Ethno-Linguistically Diverse South African Students’ Writing. Per Linguam. https://doi.org/10.5785/35-2-852
Ramadhanti, D., & Yanda, D. P. (2021). Students’ Metacognitive Awareness and its Impact on Writing Skill. International Journal of Language Education. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v5i3.18978
Safnil, A. (2014). The Discourse Structure and Linguistic Features of Research Article Abstracts in English by Indonesian Academics. 10(2), 191–223. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED569125.pdf
Samraj, B. (2013). Form and Function of Citations in Discussion Sections of Master’s Theses and Research Articles. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 12(4), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2013.09.001
Setyowati, N. (2020). Problematika Pembelajaran Kitabah dan Tarjamah di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Aphorisme: Journal of Arabic Language, Literature, and Education, 1(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.37680/aphorisme.v1i1.323
Skendaj, K. (2024). The Need for Academic Writing in Albania. Acta Educationis Generalis. https://doi.org/10.2478/atd-2024-0011
Sovann, L., Safnil, S., & Syafryadin, S. (2022). Rhetorical Structure of Method Section: A Comparative Study on Research Articles Written by Cambodian Authors Published in National and International Journals. English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, 15(1), 168–192. https://doi.org/10.24042/ee-jtbi.v15i1.12072
Sulaiman, S. (2022). Students’ Ways of Understanding Academic Writing. Journal of General Education and Humanities. https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v1i4.32
Suntara, W., & Usaha, S. (2013). Research Article Abstracts in Two Related Disciplines: Rhetorical Variation Between Linguistics and Applied Linguistics. English Language Teaching, 6(2), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n2p84
Supriadi, R., Sudana, D., Kurniawan, E., Nurmala, M., & Meftahi, M. (2024). The Use of Tense and Aspect in Arabic: A Ccomparison of Educational Research Articles by Native and Non-Native Speakers. Al-Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 16(1), 480–500. https://doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v16i2.24421
Suryani, F. B., & Rismiyanto, R. (2019). Move Analysis of the English Bachelor Thesis Abstracts Written by Indonesians. Prominent, 2(2), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.24176/pro.v2i2.4229
Tadjuddin, M. (2013). Bahasa Indonesia: Bentuk dan Makna. Alumni.
Tseng, F. (2011). Analyses of Move Structure and Verb Tense of Research Article Abstracts in Applied Linguistics. International Journal of English Linguistics, 1(2), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v1n2p27
Villaruz, J. M. (2024). Metacognitive Awareness of Writing Strategies, Oral Proficiency, and Writing Instructions: A Structural Equation Model of Academic Writing Skills in Filipino Language. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i7690
Xiao, Y., & Zhao, A. (2022). A Case Study on the Impacts of Social Contexts on a Chinese English as a Foreign Language Learner’s L1 and L2 Identities Development. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772777
Zhang, B., Thuc, Q. B. T., & Pramoolsook, I. (2012). Moves and Linguistic Realizations: English Research Article Abstracts By Vietnamese Agricultural Researchers. 8, 126–149.
Zhang, Y., & Wannaruk, A. (2016). Rhetorical Move Analysis in Academic Writing: A Framework for Understanding. Journal of Language and Linguistics, 2(18), 123–140.
Zhu, P. (2022). Cultural Influence on ESL Students’ Writing. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.12.21.