The Effectiveness of the Canva AI Platform in Diagnostic Assessment for al-Imla' wa al-Khat Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37680/aphorisme.v7i1.9836Keywords:
AI-Assisted Language Learning, Arabic Orthography, Diagnostic Assessment, Handwriting SkillsAbstract
This study systematically evaluates the effectiveness of the Canva AI platform as a diagnostic assessment instrument for Arabic writing proficiency, specifically in the aspects of Al-Imla' (orthography) and Al-Khat (calligraphy), using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. By adapting the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this research synthesizes empirical evidence and indexed scientific literature from the 2016–2026 period across the Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Dimensions databases. From the 240 identified articles, nine core studies examining the intersection of artificial intelligence, visual-textual feedback, and Arabic linguistic processing were analyzed in depth. The synthesis results indicate that the visual generative features, automatic pattern recognition, and instantaneous feedback of Canva AI significantly accelerate the identification of granular orthographic errors, such as hamzah positioning, alif layyinah placement, and letter-joining discrepancies, and map student weakness profiles more intuitively than manual methods. Structurally, this platform functions as a practical "low-code" intermediary that bridges complex deep learning algorithms with pedagogical needs in the classroom. Although AI spatial analytics are effective in measuring the geometric proportions of calligraphy, the purely aesthetic assessment of Al-Khat still requires human expert validation. This research constructs a conceptual framework that integrates Information Systems Success Theory and Slavin's QAIT pedagogical model and concludes that Canva AI functions optimally as a secondary diagnostic assistant. This Human-AI collaboration paradigm reduces the administrative burden on teachers, thereby facilitating the design of precise and evidence-based remediation plans.
References
Al-Hamad, M., & Mohamed, Y. (2020). An Orthographic Phonological-Based Error Analysis of the Arabic of English-Speaking Learners. The Language Scholar, 6, 8–25.
Alamri, M. M., & Teahan, W. J. (2019). Automatic Correction of Arabic Dyslexic Text. Computers, 8(1), Article 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers8010019
Alif Cahya Setiyadi, Afin Al Aufi, Pafi Rahmatullah Al Gifari, & Jalaluddin. (2024). Nāmūdhaj Ta’allum al-Khaṭ fī Mahārah al-Kitābah fī al-Ma’had al-’Aṣrī Dār al-Salām Kūntūr al-Sābi’ Kālīandā Lāmbūng al-Janūbiyyah. Al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 10(2), 316–325. https://doi.org/10.14421/almahara.2024.0102-07
Allaf, S. R. (2025). A Novel Deep Learning Approach for High-Fidelity Vectorization of Arabic Calligraphy. Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, 40(12), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamcs/2025/v40i122069
Almanea, M. (2024). Deep Learning in Written Arabic Linguistic Studies: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Access, 12, 172196–172233. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3496123
Almusawi, H. (2023). Factors Affecting the Writing Performance in Hearing and Deaf Children: An Insight into Regularities and Irregularities of the Arabic Orthographic System. Language and Speech, 66(1), 246–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309221087352
Attar, E. T. (2025). Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Isolated Arabic Handwritten Character Recognition: Design, Evaluation, and Comparative Study. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 42467. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-42467-w
Azmi, A. M., Al-Jouie, M. F., & Hussain, M. (2019). AAEE–Automated Evaluation of Students’ Essays in Arabic Language. Information Processing & Management, 56(5), 1736–1752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2019.05.008
Brahmi, A., Ech-Cherif, A., & Benyettou, A. (2012). Arabic Texts Analysis for Topic Modeling Evaluation. Information Retrieval, 15(1), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-011-9170-1
Crocker, T. F., Todd, O., & Clegg, A. (2025). Around the Equator with Clin-Star: Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness; Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 73(8), 2356–2365. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.19498
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748
Elsayed, Y., Nabil, E., Torki, M., Faizullah, S., & Khalafallah, A. (2025). ZaQQ: A New Arabic Dataset for Automatic Essay Scoring Via a Novel Human–AI Collaborative Framework. Data, 10(9), Article 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/data10090148
Eragamreddy, N., & Joseph, R. (2025). Digital Tools and Writing Education: A Thematic Analysis of Technology’s Role in Writing Skills Development. Arab World English Journal, 16(3), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol16no3.1
Fadlillah, N., & Kusaeri, K. (2024). Optimizing Assessment for Learning in Islamic Education through Authentic and Diagnostic Assessment : A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran, 10(2), 654. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v10i2.11555
Febrina Dwi Cahyani, M. S. M. (2025). The Development of Arabic Linguistics in Educational Studies: An Analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s Thought. Jurnal Islam Nusantara, 9(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalnu.v9i3.709
Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McGuinness, L., McDonald, S., Stewart, L. A., Thomas, J., Tricco, A. C., Welch, V. A., Whiting, P., Moher, D., Glanville, J., Chou, R., Brennan, S. E., Boutron, I., Akl, E., & Tetzlaff, J. M. (2021). Pravila PRISMA 2020. Medicina Fluminensis, 57(4), 444–465. https://doi.org/10.21860/medflum2021_264903
Habibah, I. F., Rahmayanti, I., Holis, H., & Wargadinata, W. (2024). Analysis of the Psychological Foundation of the Implementation of Learning the Four Arabic Language Skills. Kitaba, 2(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.18860/kitaba.v2i1.24933
Hafidzin, H. K., Muzammil, L., & Sulistyo, T. (2024). The Effectiveness of the Canva Application in Enhancing Students’ Writing Proficiency Across Learning Styles. Edulitics (Education, Literature, and Linguistics) Journal, 9(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.52166/edulitics.v9i2.7958
Hinchcliff, M., & Mehmet, M. (2023). Embedding Canva into the Marketing Classroom: A Dialogic and Social Learning Approach to Classroom Innovation. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 13(6), 1174–1186. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-11-2022-0230
Ismail, A. F., Alqudah, R. A., Al-Saliti, R. A. M. N., & Hamid, A. A. (2026). Grammatical error Patterns in ChatGPT-Generated Modern Standard Arabic Texts: A Linguistic Analysis of Recurrent Patterns. Languages, 11(5), Article 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages11050086
Kamal, H. (2025). Teaching Arabic Today: Challenges, Strategies, and Opportunities in Islamic Higher Education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(10), 644–659. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.10.31
Kerzel, U. (2021). Enterprise AI Canvas Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Business. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 35(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2020.1843231
Le, A. N. N., Bo, L. K., & Nguyen, N. M. T. (2023). Canva-Based E-portfolio in L2 Writing Instructions: Investigating the Effects and Students’ Attitudes. Computer Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (Call-Ej), 24(1), 41–62.
Liu, C., & Yu, S. (2022). Reconceptualizing the Iimpact of Feedback in Second Language Writing: A Multidimensional Perspective. Assessing Writing, 53, 100630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2022.100630
Mahmoud, S., Nabil, E., & Torki, M. (2024). Automatic Scoring of Arabic Essays: A Parameter-Efficient Approach for Grammatical Assessment. IEEE Access, 12, 142555–142568. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3468501
Mahmoudi, M., Moulahi, W., & Jdey, I. (2026). A Native Supervision Approach to Arabic VLM: Overcoming Transliteration Bias for Semantic Accuracy. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence - Volume 5: ICAART, 4643–4650. https://doi.org/10.5220/0014480900003636
Michalak, R. (2025). From Canvas to Quartex: The Evolution of art in the Age of AI and Digital Archives. College & Research Libraries News, 86(2), 63.
Michalak, R., & Ellixson, D. (2025). Fostering Ethical AI Integration in First-Year Writing: A Case Study on Human-Tool Collaboration in Artificial Intelligence Literacy. Journal of Library Administration, 65(3), 361–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2025.2428751
Mirza, A. Z., Zunairoh, Y., & Ahid, N. (2026). Transforming Arabic Academic Writing Competence through ADDIE-based instructional Design: A Developmental Study. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 1–9.
Mohammed Haneefa Abdul Munas. (2022). Common Spelling Mistakes of Hamza and Alif among Beginners. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 5(1), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.1.7
Mohammed, T. A. (2025). Evaluating Translation Quality: A Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Machine and LLM-Driven Arabic–English Translations. Information, 16(6), Article 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060440
Mohsen, M., Alsudairy, N. A., Alhamami, M., & Al-Hoorie, A. H. (2026). Exploring cognitive Processes in Arabic Dictation: A Study on Writing Challenges among Dyslexic Children. Acta Psychologica, 262, 106118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106118
Mufid, M., Isnainiyah, I., & Ainiy, N. (2023). Contextual Teaching and Learning Model in the Speaking Skill Textbook for the Arabic Language Education Department. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-08-2023-0405
Muradi, A. (2011). Bahasa Arab dan Pembelajarannya ditinjau dari Berbagai Aspek. In Muhaimin (Ed.), Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952. (Vol. 3, Issue 1). Pustaka Prisma Yogyakarta. https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/9179/1/Bahasa Arab %26 Pembelajarannya Baru.pdf
Oto-Millera, N., Pellicer-Ortín, S., & Bustamante, J. C. (2025). Augmented Reality in English Language Acquisition Among Gifted Learners: A Systematic Scoping Review (2020–2025). Applied Sciences, 15(21), 11487. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111487
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews. BMJ, 372, Article n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Putri, H. S., Friatin, L. Y., & Tarawana, W. (2025). Using Canva AI Magic Writer to Assist Students Writing Descriptive Text. Journal of English Education Program (JEEP), 12(2), 115. https://doi.org/10.25157/(jeep).v12i2.19344
Qasim, S. S., & Oleiwi, S. H. (2024). Advancing Arabic Handwritten Digit Recognition with AI-Enhanced Neural Network Architectures. Babylonian Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 2024, 146–157. https://doi.org/10.58496/BJAI/2024/016
Slavin, R. E. (1994). Quality, Appropriateness, Incentive, and Time: A Model of Instructional Effectiveness. International Journal of Educational Research, 21(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(94)90029-9
Taha, H., Ibrahim, R., & Khateb, A. (2014). Exploring the Phenotype of Phonological Reading Disability as a Function of the Phonological Deficit Severity: Evidence from the Error Analysis Paradigm in Arabic. Reading Psychology, 35(7), 683–701. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2013.790325
Thohir, M., & Muslimah, K. C. (2020). Evaluation of Arabic Learning Outcomes using Google Form During School Quarantine Due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Evaluation, 4(1), 12–22.
Tibi, S., Fitton, L., & McIlraith, A. L. (2021). The Development of a Measure of Orthographic Knowledge in the Arabic Language: A Psychometric Evaluation. Applied Psycholinguistics, 42(3), 739–762. https://doi.org/10.1017/S014271642100010X
Ulfayati, Z. A., Mustaji, & Aisyah, S. (2025). Development of Canva-Based Teaching Materials to Enhance Writing and Short Story Communication Skills. At Turots: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 870–882. https://doi.org/10.51468/jpi.v7i2.1172
Utami, S., & Karnedi, K. (2024). Enhancing Students’ Writing Paragraphs through Canva Magic AI. Leksika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajarannya, 18(2), 105. https://doi.org/10.30595/lks.v18i2.23475
Wati, M., & Ahmed, B. M. B. (2023). Utilization of the Sahehly Application as a Learning Media for Arabic Writing. Jurnal Al-Maqayis, 10(2), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.18592/jams.v10i2.9511
Widmann, M., Apondi, B., Musau, A., Warsame, A. H., Isse, M., Mutiso, V., Veltrup, C., Schalinski, I., Ndetei, D., & Odenwald, M. (2022). Reducing Khat use Among Somalis Living in Kenya: a Controlled Pilot Study on the Modified ASSIST-Linked Brief Intervention Delivered in the Community. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 2271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14681-w
William, H. (2003). The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success : A Ten-Year Update. 19, 9–31.
Windholz, M., & Michalak, R. (2026). Sound Learning: Partnering with Faculty to Expand Expression in the age of AI. Journal of Library Administration, 66(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2026.2510301
Zubaidi, A., Munip, A., Widodo, S. A., & Zerrouki, T. (2025). Enhancing Arabic Writing Skills Using Chat GPT-based AI Learning Models: A Tridimensional Human-AI Collaboration Framework. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), 87–101. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v15i1.75378
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zaqhlul Rafif, Safara Bunaiya Hibda, Tulus Musthofa, Zamakhsari Zamakhsari

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.


.jpg)

