Fluid Ethnicity: The Dynamics of Javanese-Malay Identity Construction in Malaysia
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- Published Jun 28, 2023
- https://doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v6i1.2323
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Abstract
This study explores the complex identity negotiation of Javanese Muslims in Malaysia, focusing on their dual identity as both Javanese and Malay. Employing an ethnographic approach, the research examines how Malaysian Javanese navigate their cultural identity while integrating into the Malay society. The study reveals that Javanese descendants in Malaysia maintain their Javanese cultural identity, particularly in language and traditions, while simultaneously adapting to the Malay culture and fulfilling their obligations as Malaysian citizens. The process of identity reconstruction has led to the emergence of a hybrid identity, which is influenced by the interactions between Javanese and Malay cultures, as well as the prevailing policies, religion, and nationalism in Malaysia. The findings contribute to the understanding of identity construction and negotiation among diaspora communities in multicultural societies.
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Tamrin, Khazin Mohd. Orang Jawa di Selangor. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran, Malaysia, 1984.
Tamrin, Khazin Mohd, and Sukiman Bohari. "The Pontian Javanese: Their Arrival and Activities in Local Socio-Economic and Political Aspects." Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies 10 (2020).
Van Bruinessen, Martin. "What Happened to the Smiling Face of Indonesian Islam? Muslim Intellectualism and the Conservative Turn in Post-Suharto Indonesia." RSIS Working Papers, No. 222, 2011.
Vickers, Adrian. "'Malay Identity': Modernity, Invented Tradition, and Forms of Knowledge." RIMA: Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs 31, no. 1 (1997): 173-211.
Wagner, Consuela. "Migration and the Creation of Hybrid Identity: Chances and Challenges." In The Phenomenon of Migration, 237-55. Scientia Moralitas Research Institute, 2016.
Yana, Zainorinyana Jamoran, and Vivien W C Yew. "The Practice of Rewang among Javanese Community in Malaysia." Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 13, no. 3 (2017).
Alhathlool, Khalid. "Hybridity: A Privilege of a Few or the Necessity for All in Amin Maalouf's In the Name of Identity." Somatechnics 6, no. 1 (2016): 24-39.
Andaya, Barbara Watson, and Leonard Y Andaya. A History of Malaysia. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.
Andaya, Leonard Y. "Orang Asli and the Malay in the History of the Malay Peninsula." Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 75, no. 1 (282) (2002): 23-48.
Anderson, Sherwood. "Imagined Communities." Literary Criticism and Cultural Theory 49 (2006).
Bahrin, Tunku Shamsul. "Indonesian in Malaya." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1964.
Barker, Alex B., et al. "Social Identity in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Research." Social Care and Neurodisability 5, no. 4 (2014): 256-67.
Barker, Rodney. Legitimating Identities: The Self-Presentations of Rulers and Subjects. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Berry, John W. "Integration as a Mode of Immigrant Acculturation." US Immigration and Education: Cultural and Policy Issues across the Lifespan, 2013, 41-57.
Bohari, Sukiman. "Orang-Orang Jawa di Pontian 1884-1957." Thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1981.
De Grave, Jean-Marc. "Naming as a Dynamic Process: The Case of Javanese Personal Names." Indonesia and the Malay World 39, no. 113 (2011): 69-88.
Durham, Meenakshi Gigi, and Douglas M Kellner. Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
Dwijayanto, Arik. "Ethnicity, Mobility, and Identity: The Emergence of Javanese Muslim Middle Class in Malaysia." Ed. Nabil Chang-kuan Lin. Tainan: NCKU Taiwan, 2020.
Dwijayanto, Arik. "Migration, Adaptation and Tradition of Javanese Muslim Communities in the Malay Peninsula." Dialogia 15, no. 2 (2017): 265. https://doi.org/10.21154/dialogia.v15i2.1194.
Ferawati, Rofil Lily El. "Television Consumption and the Construction of Hybrid Identity among Female Javanese Descendants in Malaysia/Lily El Ferawati Rofil." University of Malaya, 2016.
Garcés-Mascareñas, Blanca. "Revisiting Bordering Practices: Irregular Migration, Borders, and Citizenship in Malaysia." International Political Sociology 9, no. 2 (2015): 128-42.
Geertz, Clifford. "Religion as a Cultural System." In Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion, 1-46. Routledge, 2013.Gilroy, Paul. Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line. Harvard University Press, 2000.
Gilroy, Paul. "Paul Gilroy: Race and Culture in Postmodernity." Economy and Society 28, no. 2 (1999): 183-97.
Grossberg, Lawrence. "Identity and Cultural Studies: Is That All There Is?" Questions of Cultural Identity 1 (1996): 87-107.
Hall, Stuart. "Cultural Identity and Diaspora." In Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory, 392-403. Routledge, 2015.Hall, Stuart. "Cultural Identity and Diaspora in Identity: Community, Culture, Difference." London: Lawrence K. Wishart, 1990.
Hall, Stuart. Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies. Blackwell Publishing, 1996.
Haque, M Shamsul. "The Role of the State in Managing Ethnic Tensions in Malaysia: A Critical Discourse." American Behavioral Scientist 47, no. 3 (2003): 240-66.
Hill, Jonathan, and Thomas Wilson. "Identity Politics and the Politics of Identities." Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 10, no. 1 (2003): 1-8.
Hirschman, Charles. "The Making of Race in Colonial Malaya: Political Economy and Racial Ideology." In Sociological Forum, 1:330-61. Springer, 1986.
Hooker, Virginia, and Norani Othman. Malaysia: Islam, Society and Politics. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003.
Jandra, Mifedwil, et al. "Identity and Culture Change of Javanese in Johor." UMRAN-International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies 3, no. 3-1 (2016).
Jenkins, Richard. "Rethinking Ethnicity: Identity, Categorization and Power." Ethnic and Racial Studies 17, no. 2 (1994): 197-223.
Jenkins, Richard. Social Identity. Routledge, 2014.
Jenkins, Richard, and Kevin D Haggerty. "Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments & Explorations." Canadian Journal of Sociology 24, no. 2 (1999): 310.
Kahn, Joel S. Other Malays: Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism in the Modern Malay World. NUS Press, 2006.
Kamil, Kamdi, and Noriah Mohamed. Masyarakat Keturunan Jawa Johor. Yayasan Warisan Johor, 2021.
King, Victor T. "The Middle Class in Southeast Asia: Diversities, Identities, Comparisons and the Vietnamese Case." International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies (IJAPS) 4, no. 1 (2008): 1-37.
Kuipers, Joel C. "Islamization and Identity in Indonesia: The Case of Arabic Names in Java." Indonesia 103, no. 1 (2017): 25-49.
Maalouf, Amin. In the Name of Identity: Violence and the Need to Belong. Arcade Publishing, 2001.
MacEachern, Scott. "The Concept of Race in Contemporary Anthropology." Race and Ethnicity: The United States and the World, 2012, 34-55.
Maiwan, Mohammad. "Orang Jawa di Selangor." Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi10, no. 2 (2011): 24-41.
Milner, Anthony C. "Inventing Politics: The Case of Malaysia." Past & Present, no. 132 (1991): 104-29.
Miyazaki, Koji. "Javanese-Malays: Between Adaptation and Alienation." Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 2000, 76-99.
Nagel, Joane. "Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture." Social Problems 41, no. 1 (1994): 152-76.
Nilan, Pam. Muslim Youth in the Diaspora: Challenging Extremism Through Popular Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 2017.
Noor, Farish A. "Modernity, Islam and Tradition: The Struggle for the Heart and Soul of Art and Culture in Malaysia," 2004.
Omar, Asmah Haji. "Positioning Languages in the Malaysian Education System." In Languages in the Malaysian Education System, 1-30. Routledge, 2015.
Parekh, Bhikhu. A New Politics of Identity: Political Principles for an Interdependent World. Macmillan International Higher Education, 2008.
Pembecioğlu, Nilüfer. "Building Identities: Living in the Hybrid Society." Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies 4, no. 7 (2012): 46-59.
Reid, Anthony. "Understanding Malay as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32, no. 3 (2001): 295-313.
Rudner, Martin. "The Invention of Politics in Colonial Malaya: Contesting Nationalism and the Expansion of the Public Sphere." JSTOR, 1996.
Sekimoto, Teruo. "A Preliminary Report on the Javanese in Selangoor, Malaysia." Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26, no. 2 (1988): 175-90.
Smith, Keri E Iyall, and Patricia Leavy. Hybrid Identities: Theoretical and Empirical Examinations. Vol. 12. Brill, 2008.
Sofjan, Dicky. "The Malaysian Dilemma: Race, Religion and the Quest for National Unity." Asian Alternatives for a Sustainable World: Transborder Engagements in Knowledge Formation 180 (2007).
Sunarti, Linda. "Tracing Javanese Identity and Culture in Malaysia: Assimilation and Adaptation of Javanese in Malaysia." Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, Vol.28 No.1, 2018.
Sunarti, Linda, and Teuku Reza Fadeli. "'Tracing Javanese Identity and Culture in Malaysia: Assimilation and Adaptation of Javanese in Malaysia.'" Paramita: Historical Studies Journal 28, no. 1 (2018): 2018.
Tamrin, Khazin Mohd. "Javanese in Selangor Arrival and Settlement." Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies 7 (2020).
Tamrin, Khazin Mohd. Orang Jawa di Selangor. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran, Malaysia, 1984.
Tamrin, Khazin Mohd, and Sukiman Bohari. "The Pontian Javanese: Their Arrival and Activities in Local Socio-Economic and Political Aspects." Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies 10 (2020).
Van Bruinessen, Martin. "What Happened to the Smiling Face of Indonesian Islam? Muslim Intellectualism and the Conservative Turn in Post-Suharto Indonesia." RSIS Working Papers, No. 222, 2011.
Vickers, Adrian. "'Malay Identity': Modernity, Invented Tradition, and Forms of Knowledge." RIMA: Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs 31, no. 1 (1997): 173-211.
Wagner, Consuela. "Migration and the Creation of Hybrid Identity: Chances and Challenges." In The Phenomenon of Migration, 237-55. Scientia Moralitas Research Institute, 2016.
Yana, Zainorinyana Jamoran, and Vivien W C Yew. "The Practice of Rewang among Javanese Community in Malaysia." Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 13, no. 3 (2017).