Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Pengembangan Diri Anak Akibat Dispensasi Perkawinan
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Aug 7, 2023
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Abstract
Researchers will examine the legal protection of the rights of children who enter into underage marriages. The purpose of this study is to show the impact of the ease of granting marital dispensation on children's development rights, namely how the legal protection of children's self-development rights is due to marital dispensation. The type of research used is normative legal research. The research approach used is the statutory approach and the comparative approach. The type of data in normative research is secondary data obtained through library research or documentation studies. Based on the results of the research, it turns out that there are still many parents who apply for marriage dispensation for children who are underage so they can get married. Therefore it is necessary to take action as an effort to provide legal protection to children. First, the government needs to review the Marriage Law, namely the need to add an article that regulates in detail the reasons for applying for a marriage dispensation. Second, it is necessary for the community to gain an understanding of the bad consequences that arise from underage marriages based on marriage dispensation.
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How to Cite
Sulastri, S., Ramadhani, D., & Sakti, M. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Pengembangan Diri Anak Akibat Dispensasi Perkawinan. AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 5(2), 1285-1296. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i2.2816
References
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Akinola, O. (2018). Who is a Child? The Politics of Human Rights, the Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC), and Child Marriage in Nigeria. Human Rights as Battlefields, 129-148.
Ashofa, B. (2004). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Borska, J. (2017). Problems of Different Territorial Jurisdiction of the Authorities of Social and Legal Protection of Children (OSPOD) and Court regarding the Provision of the Protection of the rights of Minor Children. Kontakt, e48-e56.
Buck, T. (2020). International Child Law. London: Routledge-Cavendish.
Fatmawati, N., Yunanto, & Marjo. (2016). Dispensasi Perkawinan di Bawah Umur Akibat Hamil di Luar Nikah (Studi di Pengadilan Agama Demak). Diponegoro Law Journal, 1-16.
Ferguson, L. (2021). Vulnerable Children's Right to Education, School Exclusion, and Pandemic Law-Making. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 101-115.
Fitri, A. N., Wahyudi, A., & Fedryansyah, M. (2015). Perlindungan Hak-Hak Anak dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Anak. Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 45-50.
Fors, K. L. (2020). Legal Remedies for a Forgiving Society: Children's Rights, Data Protection Rights and the Value of Forgiveness in AI-mediated risk Profiling of Children by Dutch authorities. Computer Law & Security Review, 1-19.
Georgina, T. (2020). A Reflection on the Role of the Church in Child Development in Ghana: A Case Study of Atonsu District Assemblies of God, Ghana. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 28.
Haling, S., Halim, P., Baharuddin, S., & Djanggih, H. (2018). Perlindungan Hak Asasi Anak Jalanan dalam Bidang Pendidikan Menurut Hukum Nasional dan Konvensi Internasional. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 359-375.
Hamzah, Y., Mangarengi, A. A., & Buana, A. P. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Perkawinan dibawah Umur melalui Kewenangan Kantor Urusan Agama (Studi Kasus di KUA Kabupaten Bantaeng). PLENO Jure.
Hariyadi, & S, L. A. (2018). Peran Orangtua dalam Mengawasi Anak dalam Mengakses Media Internet untuk Mewujudkan Perlindungan Hak Anak. Soumatera Law Review, 267-281.
Hasibuan, M. S., Ismail, I., & Pratiwi, I. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak dibawah Umur sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Jurnal Rectum, 5.
Heryanti, R. (2021). Implementasi Perubahan Kebijakan Batas Usia Perkawinan. Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 120.
Hilyasani, F., Najib, A. M., & Harahap, R. N. (2022). Dispensasi Nikah: Analisis Kontemporer Dimensi Pernikahan Dini menurut Berbagai Aktor di Kabupaten Bantul D.I Yogyakarta. Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 139-152.
Hizbullah, A. (2019). Eksistensi Dispensasi Perkawinan terhadap Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Anak di Indonesia. Jurnal Hawa: Studi Pengarus Utamaan Gender dan Anak, 269-286.
Iqbal, M., & Rabiah. (2020). Penafsiran Dispensasi Perkawinan bagi Anak di Bawah Umur (Analisis Beberapa Putusan Mahkamah Syar'iyah Aceh). El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 101-114.
Isentrom, L., & Quennerstedt, A. (2020). Governing Rationalities in Children's Human Rights Education. International Journal of Educational Research.
Khaironi, M. (2018). Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Golden Age Hamzanwadi University, 1-12.
Lestari, N. A., & Waluyo, E. (2021). Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Bermain dan Hak Rekreasi. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dina, 1119-1132.
Lievens, E., & Verdoodt, V. (2018). Looking for Needles in a haystack: Key Issues affecting children's rights in the General Data Protection Regulation. Computer Law & Security Review, 269-278.
Marzuki, R., Murniati, Y., Yasin, H., Suhri, B., & Taufan, M. (2021). The Implementation of Underage Marriage Dispensation in Palu Religions Court. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 565-569.
Miftahusyaian, M. (2007). Kebebasan Anak Berekspresi dalam Keluarga Perspektif Pendidikan dan Sosial. Egalita: Jurnal Kesetaraan dan Keadilan, 1-18.
Milkaite, I., Wolf, R. D., Lievens, E., Leyn, T. D., & Martens, M. (2021). Children's reflections on privacy and the protection on their personal data: A child-centric approach to data protection information formats. Children and Youth Services Review, 1-12.
Mim, S. A. (2017). Effects of Child Marriage on Girls' Education and Empowerment. Journal of Education and Learning, 9-16.
Muhammad, A. (2010). Hukum Perdata Indonesia. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Nadziroh, N., Chairiyah, C., & Pratomo, W. (2018). Hak Warga Negara dalam Memperoleh Pendidikan Dasar di Indonesia. Trihayu: Jurnal Pendidikan Ke-SD-an , 400-405.
Pardede, J. N., Asih, W. T., & Siregar, T. A. (2021). Progressivism of Judges in Deciding Applications for Marriage Dispensation. Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal, 41-55.
Peleg, N. (2019). The Child's Right to Development. Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
Pembinaan Yustisial Peradilan Agama. (2021, April 23). Materi Pembinaan dan Kajian Rutin Badan Peradilan Agama MARI. Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.
Ramabu, N. M. (2021). Botswana Child Sexual Abuse Legal Framework: An Analysis of the Implementation of Children's Act 2009. Children and Youth Services Review, 1-8.
Rohmah, N. (2016). Bermain dan Pemanfaatannya dalam Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini. Tarbawi: Jurnal Pendidikan Islan, 27-35.
Roost, K. V., Horn, M., & Koski, A. (2022). Child Marriage or Statutory Rape? A Comparison of Law and Practice Across the United States. J Adolesc Health, S72-S77.
Saebani, B. A. (2008). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.
Sekine, K., & Carter, D. J. (2019). The Effect of Child Marriage on the Utilization of Maternal Health Care in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2016. PloS ONE, 1-13.
Sekine, K., & Hodgkin, M. E. (2017). Effect of Child Marriage on Girls' School Dropout in Nepal: Analysis of Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014. PLoS ONE, 1-13.
Subchi, I., Arsadani, Q., Helmi, M. I., & Faridho, E. (2021). Legal Policy of Child Marriage in the Covid-19 Pandemic Covid. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 846-866.
Sulaeman, R. R. (2019). Hak Pendidikan Anak dan Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat mengenai Larangan Pernikahan di Bawah Umur . Diktum: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum, 211-222.
Sutopo, H. (2006). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: UNS Press.
Wijaya, H. T., & Thaib, E. J. (2020). Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan di Kabupaten Pohuwato. As-Syams: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 30-46.
Wildana, D. T., & Hasba, I. B. (2016). Perkawinan Anak dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. Egalita: Jurnal Kesetaraan dan Keadilan Gender, 1-12.
Wismayanti, Y. F., O'Leary, P., Tilbury, C., & Tjoe, Y. (2021). Child Sexual Abuse in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Literature, Law and Policy. Child Abuse Negl.
Wuryandani, W., Faturrohman, F., Senen, A., & Haryani, H. (2018). Implementasi Pemenuhan Hak Anak melalui Sekolah Ramah Anak. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 86-94.
Yanti, Hamidah, & Wiwita. (2018). Analisis Faktor Penyebab Dampak Pernikahan Dini di Kecamatan Kandis Kabupaten Siak. Jurnal Ibu dan Anak, 96-103.
Yuni, L. A. (2021). Analysis of The Emergency Reasons in The Application of Marriage Dispensation at The Tenggarong Religious Court. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 976-1002.
Yusuf, M. R. (2022). Efektivitas Hukum terhadap Pemberlakuan PERMA No. 5 Tahun 2019 dalam Mengatasi Perkawinan di Bawah Umur. Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 409-418.
Zhao, F., Hämäläinen, J. E., & Chen, H. (2017). Child Protection in China: Changing Policies and Reactions from the Field of Social Work. International Journal of Social Welfare, 329-339
Akinola, O. (2018). Who is a Child? The Politics of Human Rights, the Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC), and Child Marriage in Nigeria. Human Rights as Battlefields, 129-148.
Ashofa, B. (2004). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Borska, J. (2017). Problems of Different Territorial Jurisdiction of the Authorities of Social and Legal Protection of Children (OSPOD) and Court regarding the Provision of the Protection of the rights of Minor Children. Kontakt, e48-e56.
Buck, T. (2020). International Child Law. London: Routledge-Cavendish.
Fatmawati, N., Yunanto, & Marjo. (2016). Dispensasi Perkawinan di Bawah Umur Akibat Hamil di Luar Nikah (Studi di Pengadilan Agama Demak). Diponegoro Law Journal, 1-16.
Ferguson, L. (2021). Vulnerable Children's Right to Education, School Exclusion, and Pandemic Law-Making. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 101-115.
Fitri, A. N., Wahyudi, A., & Fedryansyah, M. (2015). Perlindungan Hak-Hak Anak dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Anak. Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 45-50.
Fors, K. L. (2020). Legal Remedies for a Forgiving Society: Children's Rights, Data Protection Rights and the Value of Forgiveness in AI-mediated risk Profiling of Children by Dutch authorities. Computer Law & Security Review, 1-19.
Georgina, T. (2020). A Reflection on the Role of the Church in Child Development in Ghana: A Case Study of Atonsu District Assemblies of God, Ghana. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 28.
Haling, S., Halim, P., Baharuddin, S., & Djanggih, H. (2018). Perlindungan Hak Asasi Anak Jalanan dalam Bidang Pendidikan Menurut Hukum Nasional dan Konvensi Internasional. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 359-375.
Hamzah, Y., Mangarengi, A. A., & Buana, A. P. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Perkawinan dibawah Umur melalui Kewenangan Kantor Urusan Agama (Studi Kasus di KUA Kabupaten Bantaeng). PLENO Jure.
Hariyadi, & S, L. A. (2018). Peran Orangtua dalam Mengawasi Anak dalam Mengakses Media Internet untuk Mewujudkan Perlindungan Hak Anak. Soumatera Law Review, 267-281.
Hasibuan, M. S., Ismail, I., & Pratiwi, I. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak dibawah Umur sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Jurnal Rectum, 5.
Heryanti, R. (2021). Implementasi Perubahan Kebijakan Batas Usia Perkawinan. Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 120.
Hilyasani, F., Najib, A. M., & Harahap, R. N. (2022). Dispensasi Nikah: Analisis Kontemporer Dimensi Pernikahan Dini menurut Berbagai Aktor di Kabupaten Bantul D.I Yogyakarta. Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 139-152.
Hizbullah, A. (2019). Eksistensi Dispensasi Perkawinan terhadap Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Anak di Indonesia. Jurnal Hawa: Studi Pengarus Utamaan Gender dan Anak, 269-286.
Iqbal, M., & Rabiah. (2020). Penafsiran Dispensasi Perkawinan bagi Anak di Bawah Umur (Analisis Beberapa Putusan Mahkamah Syar'iyah Aceh). El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 101-114.
Isentrom, L., & Quennerstedt, A. (2020). Governing Rationalities in Children's Human Rights Education. International Journal of Educational Research.
Khaironi, M. (2018). Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Golden Age Hamzanwadi University, 1-12.
Lestari, N. A., & Waluyo, E. (2021). Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Bermain dan Hak Rekreasi. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dina, 1119-1132.
Lievens, E., & Verdoodt, V. (2018). Looking for Needles in a haystack: Key Issues affecting children's rights in the General Data Protection Regulation. Computer Law & Security Review, 269-278.
Marzuki, R., Murniati, Y., Yasin, H., Suhri, B., & Taufan, M. (2021). The Implementation of Underage Marriage Dispensation in Palu Religions Court. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 565-569.
Miftahusyaian, M. (2007). Kebebasan Anak Berekspresi dalam Keluarga Perspektif Pendidikan dan Sosial. Egalita: Jurnal Kesetaraan dan Keadilan, 1-18.
Milkaite, I., Wolf, R. D., Lievens, E., Leyn, T. D., & Martens, M. (2021). Children's reflections on privacy and the protection on their personal data: A child-centric approach to data protection information formats. Children and Youth Services Review, 1-12.
Mim, S. A. (2017). Effects of Child Marriage on Girls' Education and Empowerment. Journal of Education and Learning, 9-16.
Muhammad, A. (2010). Hukum Perdata Indonesia. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Nadziroh, N., Chairiyah, C., & Pratomo, W. (2018). Hak Warga Negara dalam Memperoleh Pendidikan Dasar di Indonesia. Trihayu: Jurnal Pendidikan Ke-SD-an , 400-405.
Pardede, J. N., Asih, W. T., & Siregar, T. A. (2021). Progressivism of Judges in Deciding Applications for Marriage Dispensation. Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal, 41-55.
Peleg, N. (2019). The Child's Right to Development. Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
Pembinaan Yustisial Peradilan Agama. (2021, April 23). Materi Pembinaan dan Kajian Rutin Badan Peradilan Agama MARI. Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.
Ramabu, N. M. (2021). Botswana Child Sexual Abuse Legal Framework: An Analysis of the Implementation of Children's Act 2009. Children and Youth Services Review, 1-8.
Rohmah, N. (2016). Bermain dan Pemanfaatannya dalam Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini. Tarbawi: Jurnal Pendidikan Islan, 27-35.
Roost, K. V., Horn, M., & Koski, A. (2022). Child Marriage or Statutory Rape? A Comparison of Law and Practice Across the United States. J Adolesc Health, S72-S77.
Saebani, B. A. (2008). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.
Sekine, K., & Carter, D. J. (2019). The Effect of Child Marriage on the Utilization of Maternal Health Care in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2016. PloS ONE, 1-13.
Sekine, K., & Hodgkin, M. E. (2017). Effect of Child Marriage on Girls' School Dropout in Nepal: Analysis of Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014. PLoS ONE, 1-13.
Subchi, I., Arsadani, Q., Helmi, M. I., & Faridho, E. (2021). Legal Policy of Child Marriage in the Covid-19 Pandemic Covid. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 846-866.
Sulaeman, R. R. (2019). Hak Pendidikan Anak dan Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat mengenai Larangan Pernikahan di Bawah Umur . Diktum: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum, 211-222.
Sutopo, H. (2006). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: UNS Press.
Wijaya, H. T., & Thaib, E. J. (2020). Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan di Kabupaten Pohuwato. As-Syams: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 30-46.
Wildana, D. T., & Hasba, I. B. (2016). Perkawinan Anak dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. Egalita: Jurnal Kesetaraan dan Keadilan Gender, 1-12.
Wismayanti, Y. F., O'Leary, P., Tilbury, C., & Tjoe, Y. (2021). Child Sexual Abuse in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Literature, Law and Policy. Child Abuse Negl.
Wuryandani, W., Faturrohman, F., Senen, A., & Haryani, H. (2018). Implementasi Pemenuhan Hak Anak melalui Sekolah Ramah Anak. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 86-94.
Yanti, Hamidah, & Wiwita. (2018). Analisis Faktor Penyebab Dampak Pernikahan Dini di Kecamatan Kandis Kabupaten Siak. Jurnal Ibu dan Anak, 96-103.
Yuni, L. A. (2021). Analysis of The Emergency Reasons in The Application of Marriage Dispensation at The Tenggarong Religious Court. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 976-1002.
Yusuf, M. R. (2022). Efektivitas Hukum terhadap Pemberlakuan PERMA No. 5 Tahun 2019 dalam Mengatasi Perkawinan di Bawah Umur. Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 409-418.
Zhao, F., Hämäläinen, J. E., & Chen, H. (2017). Child Protection in China: Changing Policies and Reactions from the Field of Social Work. International Journal of Social Welfare, 329-339