Metode Penyelesaian Ta’arudh al-Adillah dalam Metodologi Hukum Islam
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Abstract
The efforts of mujtahids in exploring the law are certainly not as easy as we imagine. Often they find difficulties because our legal basis is sometimes miraculous. Not infrequently there is a conflict between the arguments of one with another argument, which in ushul fiqh is called ta'arudh al adillah. Usul experts mutually engaged in trying to solve the problem. In this paper, we will discuss the meaning of ta'arudh al adillah and how the method of completion is done. And also components related to ta'arudh, such as nasakh mansukh, ‘amm khash, muthlaq muqayyad, and lughawiyyah rules. This paper is in the form of descriptive, which describes the meaning of ta'arudh and how to solve it, and also matters relating to the efforts to complete ta'arudh. The author concludes that ta'arudh are two propositions, each of which denies what is pointed out by other propositions. There are two methods that are put forward in this paper, namely the Hanafiyah method and the Mutakallimin method or Jumhur Ulama. According to them there are four ways in completing ta'arudh, namely nasakh, tajih, al jam'u wa al taufiq, and tasaqut al dalilain.
Usaha para mujtahid dalam menggali hukum tentu saja tidak semudah yang kita bayangkan. Sering kali mereka menemukan kesulitan karena dasar hukum kita yang kadang bersifat mujmal. Tidak jarang terjadi pertentangan antara dalil satu dengan dalil lain, yang dalam ushul fiqh disebut ta’arudh al adillah. Para ahli ushul saling berijtihad dalam usaha memecahkan permasalahan tersebut. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas tentang pengertian ta’arudh al adillah berikut bagaimana metode penyeleseiannya. Dan juga komponen-komponen yang berhubungan dengan ta’arudh, seperti nasakh mansukh, ‘amm khash, muthlaq muqayyad, dan kaidah lughawiyyah. Tulisan ini berbentuk deskriptif, yaitu mendeskripsikan pengertian ta’arudh serta cara penyeleseiannya, dah juga hal-hal yang berhubungan dalam usaha penyeleseian ta’arudh. Penulis memberi kesimpulan bahwa ta’arudh ini sebagai dua dalil yang masing-masing menafikan apa yang ditunjuk oleh dalil lain. Ada dua metode yang penulisan kemukakan dalam tulisan ini, yaitu metode Hanafiyah dan metode Mutakallimin atau Jumhur Ulama. Menurut mereka ada empat cara dalam menyeleseikan ta’arudh, yaitu nasakh, tajih, al jam’u wa al taufiq, dan tasaqut al dalilain.
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