Analisis Yuridis Perbandingan Risiko Medis dengan Kelalaian Medis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v2i2.481Keywords:
Health Services; Medical Risk; Medical NegligenceAbstract
Health is recognized internationally as one of the human rights that needs to be upheld, as well as in the laws of the State of Indonesia. Health services are provided to all Indonesian citizens as a mandate from the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The doctor as one of the parties providing health services to the patient has responsibilities and obligations that he must fulfill to the patient, where the patient's expectation of the health services provided by the doctor is that the patient gets healing as there is a therapeutic agreement agreed between the patient and the doctor. But sometimes there are some conditions that result in the results of health services provided by doctors to patients not in accordance or far from what has been expected by both parties, where it can be called a medical risk, and those that occur due to medical negligence, but both - both have 2 (two) different consequences, so in this study will discuss the comparison between medical negligence with medical risks. This research has 2 (two) formulations of the problem, namely: (1) How is the determination of the doctor's medical action as a medical negligence or medical risk ?; and (2) How is the comparative analysis between medical negligence and medical risk ?. The research method used is juridical-normative legal research, with the support of secondary data consisting of: (1) primary legal material: the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Criminal Code (KUHP), Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Law No. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice, and Government Regulation No. 290 / MENKES / PER / III / 2008 concerning Approval of Medical Measures; (2) secondary legal materials: health law textbooks, and health law journals; and (3) tertiary legal material: Language dictionaries and terms.
Kesehatan diakui di dunia internasional sebagai salah satu dari Hak Asasi Manusia yang perlu dijunjung tinggi, begitupula dalam hukum Negara Indonesia. Pelayanan kesehatan diberikan kepada seluruh warga negara Indonesia sebagai amanat dari Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Dokter sebagai salah satu Pihak yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada Pasien memiliki tanggungjawab serta kewajiban yang harus ia penuhi terhadap Pasien, dimana harapan Pasien atas pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan oleh Dokter adalah Pasien memperoleh kesembuhan sebagaimana adanya perjanjian terapeutik yang disepakati diantara Pasien dengan Dokter. Namun adakalanya terdapat adanya beberapa kondisi yang mengakibatkan hasil pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan oleh Dokter kepada Pasien tidak sesuai atau jauh dari apa yang telah diharapkan oleh kedua belah Pihak, dimana hal tersebut dapat disebut sebagai risiko medis, dan adapula yang terjadi akibat kelalaian medis, namun kedua-duanya memiliki 2 (dua) konsekuensi yang berbeda, sehingga dalam penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai perbandingan antara kelalaian medis dengan resiko medis. Penelitian ini memiliki 2 (dua) rumusan masalah, yaitu: (1) Bagaimana penentuan tindakan medis dokter sebagai suatu kelalaian medis atau resiko medis?; dan (2) Bagaimana analisis perbandingan antara kelalaian medis dengan resiko medis?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis-normatif, dengan dukungan data sekunder yang terdiri dari: (1) bahan hukum primer: Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, Undang-Undang No. 29 Tahun 2004 Tentang Praktik Kedokteran, dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 290/MENKES/PER/III/2008 tentang Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran; (2) bahan hukum sekunder: buku teks hukum kesehatan, dan jurnal hukum kesehatan; dan (3) bahan hukum tersier: kamus Bahasa dan istilah.
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