Communal Land Protection in Betung Kuning: Toward a Tripartite Legal Harmonization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v8i1.9559Keywords:
Communal Land; Indigenous Rights; Islamic Family Law; Legal Harmonization; ATR/BPN Regulation No. 14/2024Abstract
The protection of communal land remains a critical issue in Indonesia due to the gap between customary recognition and formal legal certainty. This study examines communal land governance through the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) No. 14 of 2024 from the perspective of Islamic family law. Using an empirical qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis in Betung Kuning Village. The findings reveal that communal land is socially recognized under customary law but largely unregistered, leading to boundary disputes, inheritance conflicts, weak legal standing, and limited economic utilization. From the perspective of Islamic family law, land registration is essential to ensure clarity of inheritance assets, protect heirs’ rights, and promote distributive justice in line with the principle of ḥifẓ al-māl. Although the regulation represents a progressive legal framework, its implementation faces challenges, including legal fragmentation, low legal literacy, limited historical documentation, financial constraints, and cultural resistance. This study proposes a tripartite harmonization model integrating customary law, Islamic law, and national law to support inclusive and sustainable communal land governance.
References
Aina, D. S., Pertiwi, P., Minasta, M. F., Rahmawati, B., & Sari, A. C. F. (2024). Adoption of Customary Land Tenure as a Model in Agrarian Reform: A Study of the Tenurial System in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village. Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10(2), 155–180. https://doi.org/10.31292/bhumi.v10i2.710
Alfarizi, R., Brata, Y. R., & Sudarto, S. (2025). Value of Local Wisdom in the Nadran Tradition at the Ki Buyut Manguntapa Site in Baregbeg District, Ciamis. Jamasan: Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah, 1(2), 206–229. https://doi.org/10.25157/jamasan.v1i2.5490
Asalim, S. F., Sugianto, S., & Setyabudhi, S. (2024). Ketidakseragaman Pewarisan dalam Penerapan Hukum Waris Secara Nasional. Aktivisme: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Politik dan Sosial Indonesia, 1(3), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.62383/aktivisme.v1i3.398
Ayunanda, L., Lidya M, B., Intania P, S., & Saputra, D. A. (2024). Konsep Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Menurut Perspektif Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Journal Customary Law, 1(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.47134/jcl.v1i2.2457
Bowen, J. R. (2003). Islam, law, and Equality in Indonesia: An Anthropology of Public Reasoning. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615122
Cipta, P. H., Ciptaan, Jenis, Ciptaan, Judul, & Dasananto, A. (2023). Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Surat Pencatatan.
Elora, D. (2024). Sertifikat Elektronik dalam Perspektif Hukum Pertanahan di Indonesia: Kajian Yuridis terhadap Implementasi Digitalisasi Hak Milik. Cessie: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 3(2), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.55904/cessie.v3i2.1509
Farhani, N., & Ramli, A. (2025). Analisis Hukum terhadap Keabsahan Sertifikat Tanah Bengkok dalam Kasus Penyerobotan Tanah di Desa Setupatok Kabupaten Cirebon. Rewang Rencang: Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 6(9), 1–21. https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/
Fuad, F., Tardjono, H., Machmud, A., Rohayah, N., & Maguchu, P. (2023). Ownership of Land: Legal Philosophy and Culture Analysis of Land Property Rights. Jurnal Media Hukum, 30(2), 98–116. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v30i2.18264
Haba, J. (2010). Realitas Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia: Sebuah Refleksi. Jurnal Masyarakat & Budaya, 12(2), 255–276.
Hamid, A. A., & Silviana, A. (2025). Pelaksanaan Pendaftaran Tanah Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Kabupaten Puncak Jaya. 18, 555–572.
Hariri, A., & Babussalam, B. (2024). Legal Pluralism: Concept, Theoretical Dialectics, and its Existence in Indonesia. Walisongo Law Review (Walrev), 6(2), 146–170. https://doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2024.6.2.25566
Hermanto, B. (2024). Pengakuan Atas Tanah Ulayat dalam Perspektif Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 7(2), 6147–6154.
Hidayat, M. A., & Setyowati, R. (2024). Implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program in Pugeran Village, Gondang District, Mojokerto Regency. Administrative and Environmental Law Review, 5(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.25041/aelr.v5i1.3405
Hooker, M. B. (2008). Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic law. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS).
Iqballudin, M. H., Fatkhanah, & Muhammad, S. (2025). Harmonisasi Hukum Waris Islam dan Hukum Waris Adat dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris di Indonesia. JICN: Jurnal Intelek dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 2(3), 3015–3028. https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jicn
Lakuteru, V. A., & Djajaputra, G. (2025). Kedudukan Hukum Tanah Ulayat dalam Sistem Hukum Agraria dan Hukum Adat di Indonesia. Journal Kertha Semaya, 13(11), 2590–2606. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2025.v13.i11.p13
Lubis, I., Siregar, T., Lubis, D. I. S., Adawiyah, R., & Lubis, A. H. (2025). Integrasi Hukum Adat dalam Sistem Hukum Agraria Nasional: Tantangan dan Solusi dalam Pengakuan Hak Ulayat. Tunas Agraria, 8(2), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v8i2.401
Mahadewi, K. J. (2025). Disharmonisasi Regulasi Tata Ruang dalam Perlindungan Hak Ulayat di Bali dalam Perspektif Undang- Undang Pokok Agraria. Acta Comitas, 10(3), 612–626. https://doi.org/10.24843/ac.2025.v10.i03.p12
Malaka, Z. (2018). Kepemilikan Tanah dalam Konsep Hukum Positif Indonesia, Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam. Al-Qānūn: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam, 21(1), 101–124.
Manik, H., Suhermi, & Pahlefi. (2022). Urgensi Pelaksanaan Pendaftaran Tanah Adat di Provinsi Jambi. Encyclopedia of Journal, 4(2), 143–151. http://jurnal.ensiklopediaku.org
Mardhiya, R. (2024). Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Implementasi Pembangunan Hukum Nasional di Indonesia. Rewang Rencang: Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 5(9), 1–16.
Mohamad, M. S. S. (2025). Hak dan Kewajiban Warga Negara dalam Negara Hukum: Dilema Implementasi dan Reformasi Hukum di Indonesia. Judge: Jurnal Hukum, 6(3), 699–711. https://doi.org/10.54209/judge.v6i03.1485
Mujiburohman, D. A., Andari, D. W. T., Junarto, R., & Mujiati. (2024). The Patterns of Ownership and the Registration of Customary Land in Manggarai Regency, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 12(1), 293–314. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i1.969
Nugroho, S. S., Tohari, M., & Rahardjo, M. (2017). Hukum Agraria Indonesia. Pustaka Iltizam.
Palenewen, J. Y. (2024). Resolution of Ulayat Land Disputes Between the Traditional Legal Communities of the Upper Tor District and the Regional Government of Sarmi District, Papua Province. Russian Law Journal, 12(1). https://www.russianlawjournal.org/
Peraturan, I., Atr, M., No, B. P. N., & Tanah, P. (2024). Implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Atr / Bpn No 14 of 2024 in the Registration of Customary Land Rights of Customary Law Communities. 8(2), 1832–1841. https://doi.org/10.36526/js.v3i2.4485
Permadi, I., & Muttaqin, I. (2023). Potensi Sengketa Hak Atas Tanah di Indonesia. Justisi, 9(2), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v9i2.2345
Permen ATR/KBPN Nomor 14. (2024). Peraturan Menteri ATR/KBPN Nomor 14 Tahun 2024 tentang Penyelenggaraan Administrasi Pertanahan dan Pendaftaran Tanah Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat. JDIH (Legal Documentation and Information Network) of the Ministry of ATR/BPN.
Pratiwi, A. E., Triyono, S., Rezkiyanto, I., Asad, A. S., & Khollimah, D. A. (2018). Eksistensi Masyarakat Adat di Tengah Globalisasi. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 15(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v15i2.17289
Puri, W. P., Puspa Dewi, N. L. G. M., & Kartika, W. (2024). Transformation of Ulayat Land Administration: Collaborative Governance Perspective in West Sumatra. Journal of Public Policy, 10(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v10i1.8543
Sakti, I., & Dasopang, N. (2026). Pembagian Harta Warisan dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, Hukum Adat, dan Hukum Perdata di Indonesia. Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry, 1(3), 244–252.
Simanjuntak, F. A. (2025). Pendaftaran Tanah di atas Tanah Ulayat: Dilema Antara Hukum Negara dan Hukum Adat. Al-Dalil: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik, dan Hukum, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.61722/al-dalil.v3i2.1043
Siregar, M. S., Kamello, T., & Purba, H. (2025). Pendaftaran Tanah Karena Pewarisan yang tidak Memasukkan Keseluruhan Ahli Waris pada Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah (Studi Putusan Negeri Sorong No. 77/Pdt.G/2017/PN.Son). Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik, 5(3), 2084–2095. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v5i3.3614
Sugianto, B. (2017). Pendaftaran Tanah Adat Untuk Mendapat Kepastian Hukum di Kabupaten Kepahiang. Lex Librum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4(1), 577–588.
Syukrisna, D. A., Candrakirana, R., & Lukitasari, D. (2025). Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Adat Atas Tanah Ulayat Pasca Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang Nomor 14 Tahun 2024. Sentri: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 4(12), 4157–4165. https://doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v4i12.5088
Triakyuni, Y., & Handayani, W. (2025). Perlindungan Hak Atas Tanah Ulayat di Minangkabau dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 3(5), 6854–6864. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i5.2311
Ulfstein, G. (2005). Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Land. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 8, 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1163/187574104X00012
von Benda-Beckmann, F., & von Benda-Beckmann, K. (2014). Temporalities in Property Relations under a Plural Legal Order: Minangkabau Revisited. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 46(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2014.886869
von Benda-Beckmann, F., & von Benda-Beckmann, K. (1999). Community-Based Tenurial Rights: Emancipation or Indirect Rule? In K. von Benda-Beckmann & H. F. Finkler (Eds.), Papers of the XIth International Congress "Folk Law and Legal Pluralism: Societies in Transformation" of the Commission on Folk Law and Legal Pluralism, Moscow, August 18–22, 1997 (pp. 169–187). Ottawa.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Naufal Asyirof; Widiya Yul, Rasmita Rasmita
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright:
- Author retains the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with the acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Author is permitted and encouraged to post his/her work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
License:
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
