Penerapan Teori Maslahat Izzuddin ibn Abd al-Salam dalam Menyelesaikan Persoalan Kepemimpinan Perempuan (Analisis Berbasis Kitab Qawa'id al-Ahkam fi Masalih al-Anam)

Abstract

This research examines the application of the maslahah theory of Izzuddīn ibn ʿAbd al-Salām in resolving the controversy of women's leadership in Islam. With a qualitative-descriptive approach based on literature, the article analyzes in depth the concept of maslahah from the book Qawāʿid al-Aḥkām fī Maṣāliḥ al-Anām and the dynamics of the discourse on women's leadership in classical and contemporary traditions. The study results show that the principle of 'prioritizing the greater maslahat and rejecting the worse mafsadah' allows for a re-contextualization of the verses of the Qur'an and hadith, assessing leadership based on competence rather than gender, and categorizing various forms of leadership according to typology. The hierarchy of maṣlaḥah and the principle of tarjīḥ provide a flexible normative framework that is responsive to modern socio-political changes. This paradigm emphasizes the need for a synthesis between the authority of texts and the consideration of public welfare to formulate inclusive jurisprudence that respects religious sensitivities and optimizes women's potential in the public sphere.