Karakteristik Bahasa Hadis Nabi SAW dalam Bentuk Jawāmi‘ al-Kalim: Studi Ma‘ānī al-Hadis terhadap Hadis-Hadis Arba’in An-Nawawiyah

Abstract

This research is motivated by the uniqueness of the wording of the Prophet's hadith, which has the characteristic of Jawāmi‘ al-Kalim, namely short and concise expressions but containing very broad meanings. This characteristic is very visible in selected hadiths in the book Arba‘īn An-Nawawiyyah, which is a pillar of Islamic teachings. This study aims to dissect the linguistic characteristics of Jawāmi‘ al-Kalim and determine how its sentence structure affects the depth of the meaning of the hadith. The method used is qualitative library research. The approach used is Ma‘ānī al-Hadis by applying the principles of Ma‘ānī science (a branch of Balagah science). Primary data were taken directly from the text of the Arba'īn hadith, while secondary data were sourced from standard Islamic texts such as Jāmi‘ al-‘Ulūm wa al-Hikam and the balagah book Jawāhir al-Balāghah. The results of the study indicate that the Jawāmi‘ al-Kalim style in the Arba‘īn hadith is formed through three main characteristics of ma‘ānī science, namely the use of a concise style (ījāz) that omits certain words without damaging the meaning, the use of news sentences (kalām khabarī) to emphasize beliefs, and a pattern of limitations (qaṣr) to strengthen the scope of law. In conclusion, the analysis of ma‘ānī science scientifically proves that the concise language structure of the hadith does not narrow the meaning, but instead provides space for the dynamic contextualization of Islamic law.