Analisis Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Childfree Dalam Perkawinan: Antara Hak Reproduksi dan Tujuan Pernikahan (Maqasid Al-Syari'ah)

Abstract

This study examines the concept of childfree within Islamic family law, focusing on the balance between reproductive rights and the objectives of marriage based on maqasid al-shari’ah. Marriage in Islam serves multiple purposes, including spiritual fulfillment, social stability, and continuation of lineage. However, contemporary trends show a decline in fertility rates, including in Indonesia, where the Total Fertility Rate has approached 2.1. This shift reflects changing social values, economic pressures, and psychological considerations influencing reproductive decisions. Islamic law does not explicitly prohibit childfree choices, yet it strongly encourages procreation as part of preserving lineage. Through a normative legal approach supported by quantitative data, this study finds that childfree may be tolerated under specific conditions such as health risks, economic instability, or mental readiness. The analysis highlights the need to balance individual autonomy and collective welfare within the framework of Islamic legal principles.