The Ecotheology of the Qur'an in Tafsir Al-Marāghī and Tafsir Al-Mishbāh for Building Ecological Awareness and Responsibility in the Perspective of Educational Psychology

Abstract

This research aims to analyze and compare the ecotheological thought of the Qur'an in Tafsir al-Marāghī and Tafsir al-Mishbāh, as well as formulate it from the perspective of educational psychology to foster ecological awareness and responsibility. This study uses a qualitative literature research method with a type of library research, with a focus on the interpretation of ecological verses in Tafsir Al-Maragi and Tafsir al-Mishbah, analyzed through the perspective of educational psychology to explore the ecotheological message of the Qur'an. Data were collected from primary sources (two tafsirs), namely Tafsir Al-Marāghī and Tafsir al-Mishbah, as well as secondary literature on ecotheology, educational psychology, and Islamic education, then analyzed using content, comparative (muqārin), and thematic (mauḍu'ī) methods of content analysis. The results show that the concept of Qur'anic ecotheology in Tafsīr al-Marāghī and Tafsīr al-Mishbāh both reject the anthropocentric paradigm and emphasize the spiritual, ethical, and ecological relationship of humans to nature. Al-Marāghī emphasizes the dimension of individual ethics through sharia, reason, and concern for sentient beings, while Quraish Shihab emphasizes the socio-political dimension through the concepts of isti'mār and taskhīr that are oriented towards justice and sustainability. Both agreed that human beings as caliphs are obliged to maintain mīzān (balance) and manage nature in a trustworthy manner. The integration of the Qur'an's ecotheological values with educational psychology can form an ecological consciousness that is not only cognitive, but also touches on affective and spiritual aspects, which is reinforced by Kohlberg's theory of moral development, Kolb's experiential learning, and Bandura's social learning. From this was born the model of "Ecological Character Education of the Qur'an", which can be used as an instrument of Islamic education to build a sustainable ecological civilization.