Implementation of the Test of Academic Ability Policy in Equivalency Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v8i3.10588Keywords:
Equivalency Education, Policy implementation, PKBM, Test of Academic AbilityAbstract
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Test of Academic Ability policy in equivalency education based on the dimensions of communication, resources, implementer dispositions, and bureaucratic structure within the Edwards III framework. The study employs a qualitative approach with a multisite study design at PKBM Hidayah and PKBM Salam Cordova in Probolinggo City. Data were collected from May to August 2026 through in-depth interviews with five key informants representing PKBM directors, tutors, and operators/proctors; two rounds of observation at each site; and analysis of policy and institutional documents. The analysis was conducted in two stages—site-specific analysis and cross-site analysis—through data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion verification. The research findings indicate that policy communication channels are available through official letters, coordination meetings, digital media, and guidelines; however, technical information does not always result in uniform operational understanding. Both PKBMs possess the basic resources to administer the Academic Ability Test, although the material capacity and technical competencies of the implementers vary. Implementers’ attitudes tended to be positive and helped ensure the sustainability of implementation, but they could not replace the need for technical competence, clear information, and documented procedures. The bureaucratic structure was supported by task division and coordination, although the level of formalization of SOPs specific to the Test of Academic Ability and institutional documentation still needed strengthening. Findings across sites indicate that implementation challenges do not primarily lie in acceptance of the policy, but rather in transforming the policy into standardized operational capacity. The study recommends standardizing technical information, providing simulation-based training, strengthening technology risk management, and updating SOPs to support more consistent implementation of the Test of Academic Ability in equivalency education.
References
Aditama, A. Y., Hamka, & Asropi. (2024). Implementasi Kebijakan Penguatan Karakter: Studi Kasus pada Jenjang SMP di Kabupaten Lebak. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 9(2), 169–187. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v9i2.4558
Afriyani, N., Rosmilawati, I., & Rawita, I. S. (2024). Kesiapan PKBM Kartini dalam Mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka di Pendidikan Kesetaraan Kota Bogor. 2(2), 306–312.
Alam, B., Sarwiyanti, Kosim, A., & Ermawati, E. (2026). Analisis Adopsi dan Difusi Inovasi Asesmen: Studi Kasus Implementasi Tes Kemampuan Akademik (TKA) di SMAN 2 Tambun Utara. Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 6(1), 1–8.
Asnah, N. A., Riau, D. P., & Susanti. (2026). Institutional Capacity for Governmental Protocol Policy Implementation : Evidence from a Regional Bureaucracy. Journal of Educational Management Research, 05(05), 4609–4623.
Cahyono, B., Rahaju, T., & Suprapto, F. A. (2026). Implementation Readiness of RPJPN 2025–2045: Strengthen the Role of Bappenas in Supporting Long‑Term Development Planning. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 7(1), 154–168. https://doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v7i1.1024
Devi, K. J. F., Hamka, H., & Istania, R. (2024). Analisis Implementasi Program Roots Indonesia dalam Penuntasan Isu Perundungan: Studi Kasus pada Beberapa Satuan Pendidikan di DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 9(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v9i1.4556
Dewi, M. A., & Hazin, M. (2024). Pengaruh Implementasi Kebijakan Guru Penggerak Terhadap Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Di Smp Negeri Se-Kecamatan Ponorogo. Inspirasi Manajemen Pendidikan, 12(2), 370–381.
Edwards III, G. C. (1980). Implementing Public Policy. Congressional Quarterly Press. https://doi.org/LK - https://worldcat.org/title/1465329195
Farhah, J. T., & Hazin, M. (2024). Implementasi Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka di SMPIT At-Taqwa Surabaya. Jurnal Inspirasi Manajemen Pendidikan, 12(2), 354–369.
Fathoni, M. I. A., Al Farisy, H., Ardianti, A. D., & Fitri, A. (2025). Pemberdayaan Guru Matematika Sma Bojonegoro Melalui Pelatihan AI dan Latex dalam Penyusunan Soal Tes Kemampuan Akademik. As-Sidanah : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 7(2), 510–521. https://doi.org/10.35316/assidanah.v7i2.510-521
Faturohman, R., Sadat, A., & Masyadi. (2026). Pengaruh Persepsi Siswa terhadap Tes Kompetensi Akademik (TKA) dan Capaian Mutu Pendidikan di SMAIT Bunyan Indonesia. Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 6(1), 9.
Febrianti, L., Latief, S., Reverawati, W. I., & Suhendri. (2025). Implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) pada Madrasah Aliyah Negeri di MA Jambi. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(6), 1920–1929. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v7i6.8756
Fitria, D., Nursalim, M., Khamidi, A., & Hazin, M. (2025). Implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di UPT SMP Negeri 1 Gresik. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial, 7(1), 649–661. https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v7i1.6826
Harjono, & Atikah, C. (2026). Analisis Kebijakan Integrasi Tes Kemampuan Akademik dalam Asesmen Nasional: Perspektif Sosiologi Kebijakan dan Evaluasi Pendidikan. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 11, 2548–6950.
Hazin, M., & Devi Rahmawati, N. W. (2023). Implementation of Policy “Praktisi Mengajar” in Higher Education. Journal of Education and Teaching Learning (JETL), 5(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51178/jetl.v5i1.1001
Hermawan, I. K. D. (2012). Kinerja Pendidikan Kesetaraan Sebagai Salah Satu Jenis Pendidikan Nonformal the Performance of Equality Education As a Type of Non Formal Education. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 18(September 2011), 65–84.
Hertanto, Y., & Miranti, I. (2025). Critical Analysis of the Implementation of Academic Ability Tests (TKA) in Vocational Secondary Schools: A Descriptive-Analytical Literature Review of the Impact of Permendikdasmen No. 9 of 2025. Review of Multidisciplinary Education Culture and Pedagogy, 4(4), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.55047/romeo.v4i4.2041
Hidayah, D., Rosmuliawati, A. S., & Warta, W. (2026). Pemanfaatan Tes Kemampuan Akademik dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Paket C di PKBM Bina Bangsa Purwakarta. Jurnal Indragiri Penelitian Multidisiplin, 6(1), 75–80. https://ejournal.indrainstitute.id/index.php/jipm/article/view/558/241
Ismayani, A., & Wahyudin, D. (2025). Meninjau Kesiapan Sekolah dalam Implementasi Pembelajaran Mendalam di SMKN X Cianjur. Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan, 13, 155–162. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpkp.v13i1.361
Iswanto, D. (2025). Pengarusutamaan Pendidikan Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas: Implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Dasar Inklusif di Kota Malang. Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan, 18(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpkp.v18i1.1092
Jannah, N. R., Sa, C., & Chandra, T. D. (2026). Standardized Assessment of TKA Equivalent for Junior High School Students. PRISMA, 15(June), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.35194/jp.v15i1.6189
Juriyah, J., Fahrudin, T., & Jalaludin, J. (2025). Analisis Kesiapan Implementasi Kebijakan Tes Kemampuan Akademik (TKA) 2025 oleh Kemendikbud. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Budaya, 5, 5708–5721. https://doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v5i6.7771
Kadji, Y. (2015). Formulasi dan Implementasi Kebijakan Publik (p. 163). www.ung.ac.id. www.ung.ac.id
Kepmendikdasmen. (2025). Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Tes Kemampuan Akademik. Jdih.Kemendikdasmen.Go.Id.
Khamidah, A., Fakhruddin, F., & Yusuf, A. (2025). Nonformal Education Strategy for Social Inclusion: an Analysis of National Policies. Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan, 18(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpkp.v18i2.1313
Kurniawan, A., Nawa, N., & Rini, N. W. (2026). Science Curriculum in Non-formal Education : Case Study to Improve the Quality of Non-Formal Education. Journal of Nonformal Education, 12(1), 14–24.
Latief, S., Samsuddin, & Subhan, A. (2024). Nonformal Education and Merdeka Curriculum Policy: The Leaders’ Perspective. Studies in Learning and Teaching, 5(1), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.46627/silet.v5i1.358
Legi, H., Riwu, M., & Djoweni, I. S. H. (2022). Implementasi Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah dalam Pengelolaan Kurikulum untuk Mewujudkan Sekolah Unggul. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(6), 9499–9507. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i6.4107
Lestari, W. (2026). DOKUMEN TESIS WIDIA OSF (p. 22).
Luatul Azizah, L., & Hazin, M. (2024). Analisis Tingkat Implementasi Kebijakan Rapor Pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Tuban. E-Jurnal Inspirasi Manajemen Pendidikan, 12(2), 1–14. file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/Lu+Luatul+Azizah_e-JIMP.pdf
Mirnawati, S., Milawati, Hairullah, Aslamiah, & Cinantya, C. (2025). Otonomi Sekolah dan Peningkatan Mutu Berbasis Sekolah. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 7(1), 423–430. https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v7i1.6715
Nababan, E. D., Andi Nurfahrunnisa, & Rachmaniar. (2025). Analisis Kualitas Butir Soal Tes Kemampuan Akademik (TKA) SMA di Kota Merauke. Journal of Authentic Research, 4(2), 2075–2083. https://doi.org/10.36312/ep2nry15
Nuryana, A., Setya Yuwana, Rachmawati Novaria, & Handoko, V. R. (2025). LAMDIK Policy and Its Impact on Education Quality. Jurnal Administrasi Publik Public Administration Journal, 15(1), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.31289/jap.v15i1.14306
Putri, I. S., Sholeh, M., Haq, M. S., Khamidi, A., Hazin, M., & Purwoko, B. (2026). Implementing School Violence Prevention Policy in Indonesian Elementary Schools. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 5(1), 492–503. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v5i1.2803
Safitri, A., & Setyowati, R. R. N. (2023). Implementasi Permendikbud No. 46 Tahun 2023 dalam Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan di SMAN 1 Manyar (Issue 46).
Safitri, & Fahmi, R. (2026). Pengendalian Mutu Program Pendidikan Kesetaraan Berdasarkan Standar Nasional Pendidikan di PKBM Cahaya Ilmu Kota Pekanbaru. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(9), 1–8.
Saleha, N. A., & Shofwan, I. (2025). Tutor Readiness in the Implementation of E-PKBM in the Equivalency Education Program. JPPM (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat), 12(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.21831/jppm.v12i1.85520
Satria, M. R. (2024). Transformasi Standar Penilaian Pendidikan dan Revitalisasi Asesmen Pembelajaran di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan, 17, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpkp.v17i1.930
Suhartatik, L., Nursalim, M., Hazin, M., & Khamidi, A. (2025). Implementasi Kebijakan Teaching Factory dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Industri di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: Studi Kasus di SMKN 13 Surabaya Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Permesinan. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 7(1), 662–676. https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v7i1.6821
Sukamto, A., Bahrani, & Nurvayanti, N. (2026). Tes Kemampuan Akademik ( TKA ) sebagai Inovasi Evaluasi Pendidikan : Sebuah Tinjauan Naratif. Journal of Instructional and Development Research, 6(1), 54–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53621/jider.v6i1.695 ABSTRAK
Sururi, Afifah, D. E., Kurniatun, T. C., & Hafidh, Z. (2023). Sekolah Penggerak Program: An Analysis of Implementation in Junior High Schools. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Review, 6(3), 669–680. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v6i3.68199
Syamsuri, Darlan, S., & Indrajaya, K. (2024). Implementasi Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Kurikulum Pendidikan Nonformal Pada PKBM Luthfillah Palangka Raya. Neraca: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, 9(2), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.33084/neraca.v9i2.7176
Syani, A. K., Mufid, S., & Hazin, M. (2017). Komunikasi dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Pendidikan Wajib Belajar 9 Tahun di Kecamatan Ngadiluwih. Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, XI(1), 25–38.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Widia Lestari, Mufarrihul Hazin, Nuphanudin Nuphanudin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
