Entrepreneurial Ethics, Buddhist Leadership Behavior, and Entrepreneurial Spirit Among Undergraduate Students in A Buddhist Business and Management Program
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v8i2.9416Keywords:
Buddhist Leadership Behavior, Entrepreneurial Ethics, Entrepreneurial Spirit, Higher Education, Value-Based EducationAbstract
This study examines the influence of entrepreneurial ethics and Buddhist leadership behavior on entrepreneurial spirit among undergraduate students in a Buddhist Business and Management program. The study aims to explore how value-based education contributes to the development of entrepreneurial readiness beyond cognitive knowledge. A quantitative approach with a survey design was employed in this study. The population consisted of all undergraduate students in the Buddhist Business and Management Program at STIAB Smaratungga. Because the population was relatively small, a total sampling technique was applied, resulting in 31 students as the research sample. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26. The results show that entrepreneurial ethics and Buddhist leadership behavior do not have significant effects when examined individually, but jointly have a significant effect on entrepreneurial spirit. This indicates that entrepreneurial development is not driven by isolated factors but emerges through the interaction of ethical values and leadership behavior within the educational environment. The study concludes that strengthening entrepreneurial spirit requires an integrative learning approach that connects ethical understanding, leadership values, and experiential practice. These findings provide important insights for developing value-based entrepreneurship education and improving educational strategies in cultivating responsible and resilient future entrepreneurs.
References
Aṅguttara Nikāya: Khotbah-khotbah Numerikal Sang Buddha Jilid 4. (2012). DhammaCitta Press.
Causirhom, S., Khiong, K., & Nyanasuryanadi, P. (2024). The Influence of Leadership Behavior and Managerial Skills of School Principals on the Performance of Teachers at Jakarta School. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme, 6(2), 415–417. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v6i2.6126
Chen, Z., & Li, M. (2017). Literature Review on Influencing Factors of Entrepreneurship Ethics. World Symposium on Economics, Business and Management(WSEBM). https://doi.org/10.26480/wsebm.01.2017.06.08
Creswell, J. W. (2019). Research Design: Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Campuran (4th ed.). Penerbit Pustaka Pelajar.
Daradkeh, M. (2023). Navigating the Complexity of Entrepreneurial Ethics: A Systematic Review And Future Research Agenda. Sustainability, 15(14), 11099. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411099
DeTienne, K. B., Ellertson, C. F., Ingerson, M.-C., & Dudley, W. R. (2021). Moral Development in Business Ethics: An Examination and Critique. Journal of Business Ethics, 170(3), 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04351-0
Dhaka, H., Gupta, R., & Sharma, T. (2022). Moral Development at the Workplace Through Buddhist Mindfulness Meditation: A Grounded Theory Study. Business Perspectives and Research, 12(2), 224–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337221132612
Dhammapada Pali - Indonesia. (2005). Sangha Theravada Indonesia.
Digha Nikāya Khotbah-khotbah Panjang Sang Buddha. (2009). DhammaCitta Press.
Ding, C. (2022). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Spirit on Entrepreneurial Motivation and Entrepreneurial Interest (Literature Review). Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, 4(1), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijemss.v4i1.1523
Dumitrașciuc, L. F. (2020). Caracteristicile Spiritului Antreprenorial Din România. În M. C. Apostoaie, A.-M. Bercu, G. Boldureanu, I. Manolescu, A. Prodan, & I. Voda (Eds.), Sustenabilitatea Educației Doctorale În Economie Și Afaceri (pp. 268–275). Editura Universității „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Iași. https://philarchive.org/rec/LORCSA-2
Febrianus. (2025). Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Penggunaan Jasa Kursus Mandarin di Xin Miao. Jurnal Lentera Bisnis, 14(2), 1296–1309. https://doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v14i2.1469
Foucrier, T., & Wiek, A. (2019). A Process-Oriented Framework of Competencies for Sustainability Entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 11(24), 7250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247250
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25 (Edisi ke-9). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hasibuan, L. (2024). Syarat Jadi Negara Maju belum Tercapai, Jumlah Pengusaha RI Baru 3,6%. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20240602124913-4-543109/syarat-jadi-negara-maju-belum-tercapai-jumlah-pengusaha-ri-baru-36
Herman, H. (2024). Formation of Social Entrepreneurship Character Through Buddhist Entrepreneurship Courses. Jurnal At-Tamwil Kajian Ekonomi Syariah, 6(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.33367/at-tamwil.v6i1.5296
Huang, F. (2025). How Entrepreneurial Spirit Influences Entrepreneurial Intentions Through Psychological Capital: A Case Study In Guangxi, China. Hum. Behav. Dev. Soc., 26(1), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.62370/hbds.v26i1.277844
Juwarso, T. A. N., Febrianti, D. S., Misdayanti, & Sulaiman. (2022). Buddhist Economic: For Student Creativity Program In Entrepreneurship By Catera Zebuart Product. International Journal Of Science And Society, 4(2), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i2.472
Khiong, K. (2022). Entrepreneurship Teaching Culture and Entrepreneurship Education Factors: A Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.7777/jiemar.v3i4.409
Lamirin. (2021). The Role of Educators in Education Transformation and Development of Buddhist Students in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic. Smaratungga: Journal of Education and Buddhist Studies, 1(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.53417/sjebs.v1i1.27
Li, Y. (2018). Research on the Cultivation of Entrepreneurial Spirit of Local College Students. Destech Transactions on Social Science Education and Human Science (Esem). https://doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/esem2018/23872
Lie, N., Ida, Y., Dewi, A., & Kabri, K. (2024). Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Dharma dalam Manajemen SDM di Lembaga Pendidikan Buddha: Pendekatan Humanistik di Era Digital. Jerumi: Journal Of Education Religion Humanities and Multidisciplinary, 2(2), 848–855. https://doi.org/10.57235/jerumi.v2i2.3372
Liu, Y., Li, M., Li, X., & Zeng, J. (2022). Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Role of the Personality and Family Economic Status. Frontiers In Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.978480
Makuya, V. (2024). Need for Achievement and Financial Performance: A Mediating Role of Board Creativity. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2315314. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2315314
Mashudi, M., Rustam, R., Hidayah, R., & Sutandar, E. (2022). Entrepreneurship and Work Motivation Training Towards Entrepreneurial Interest In Arowana Fish Pond. International Journal of Scientific Advances, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.51542/ijscia.v3i1.8
Natalia, K., Utomo, B., & Suherman, H. (2024). Praktik Mindfulness untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi. JETISH: Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health, 3(1), 542–543. https://doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v3i1.1967
Ng, E. C. H. (2019). Servant Leadership Beyond Servant and Leader: A Buddhist Perspective on the Theory And Practice of Servant Leadership. In Bouckaert, L., van den Heuvel, S. (eds) Servant Leadership, Social Entrepreneurship and the Will to Serve (pp. 47–68). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29936-1_3
Nguyen, B., & Crossan, M. (2021). Character-Infused Ethical Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics, 178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04790-8
Perera, G. N. R., Feranita, F., Xavier, J. A., & B. Jaya Kumar, T. (2025). Beyond Breathing Exercises: Rethinking Mindfulness Through a Buddhist Lens to Combat Unethical Decision-Making in Organizations. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 17(1), 73–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2024-0109
Pramesti & Rizal, A. M. D. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Citra Perguruan Tinggi terhadap Kepuasan dan Dampaknya pada Niat untuk Merekomendasikan. Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7(9), 16005–16014. https://doi.org/10.36418/Syntax-Literate.V7i9.13775
Putri, A., Burhanuddin, & Etriya, E. (2025). Impact of Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Women Entrepreneurs’ Business Performance in Bogor. Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 185. https://doi.org/10.17358/ijbe.11.1.185
Rode, J., Le Menestrel, M., van Wassenhove, L., & Simon, A. (2015). Ethical Analysis for Evaluating Sustainable Business Decisions: The Case of Environmental Impact Evaluation in the Inambari Hydropower Project. Sustainability, 7(8), 10343–10364. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810343
Setyoko, R. (2021). The Influence of Participatory Assistance and Organizational Culture on Strengthening the Social Capital of Buddhist Cooperative. Smaratungga: Journal of Education and Buddhist Studies, 1(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.53417/sjebs.v1i1.78
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif (1st ed.). Alfabeta.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metodelogi Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Sukodoyo, Safitri, A. A., & Waluyo. (2025). Innovative Learning Strategies : The Effect of Task-Based Methods and Buddhist Ethical Narratives on Student Creativity. Smaratungga: Journal of Education and Buddhist Studies, 5(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.53417/sjebs.v5i1.141
Suryawirawan, O. A., Suhermin, S., W. S., D., A., & Trianjani, E. F. (2023). Efikasi Diri, Situasi Ekonomi dan Latar Belakang Orang Tua terhadap Niat tidak Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Gen Z di Surabaya. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 10(2), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.26905/jbm.v10i2.11149
Taslim, H., Nyanasuryanadi, P., & Kabri. (2023). Pendekatan Analisis Transaksional dalam Buddhisme. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 6(4), 3133–3134. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v6i4.22543
Trihastuti, M., Abdulkarim, A., Danial, E., & Supriadi, A. (2020). Learning Strategy for Students’ Entrepreneurial Spirit Through Students’ Cooperation (Kopma). Jurnal Iqra, 5(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v5i2.855
Uriarte, S., Geldes, C., & Santorcuato, J. (2025). Evolution of Ethics and Entrepreneurship: Hybrid Literature Review and Theoretical Propositions. Journal of Business Ethics, 198(2), 321–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-024-05815-8
Văduva, S. (2023). Editorial: The Distinctions between Ethical and Nonethical Entrepreneurship. Journal of Ethics In Entrepreneurship and Technology, 3(2), 54–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEET-12-2023-019
Wibowo, H. A., Hamdan, & Husain, M. K. (2022). Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior with Religiosity: Explaining Entrepreneurial Intention of Employees and Students. Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 8(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.17358/ijbe.8.1.49
Wijaya, K. I., & Ngadiyono, Y. (2018). Pengaruh Jiwa Kewirausahaan dan Pengalaman Praktik Kerja Industri Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Siswa Teknik Pemesinan. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasional Teknik Mesin, 6(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.21831/teknik mesin.v6i1.10435
Xu, Z., Liu, Z., & Wu, J. (2022). Buddhist Entrepreneurs, Charitable Behaviors, and Social Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China. Small Business Economics, 59, 1198–1217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00570-w
Zsolnai, L., & Kovács, G. (2021). Buddhist Values for Creating Mindful Markets. Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion, 18(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.51327/ugeh7597
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Febrianus Febrianus, Partono Nyanasuryanadi, Khie Khiong

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
