Strengthening Religious Moderation through the Role of Civics Teachers
Keywords:
Civic Education; Student; Religious Moderation; MAN Model Manado
Abstract
MAN Model Manado was the most prominent Islamic school in North Sulawesi Province. The student body of more than 1.400 is ethnically diverse. Most of the students of this school were Muslim, and the school with proud of Muslim values and identity, as well as its increasing academic competitiveness. The role of civic education teachers in strengthening the importance of religious moderation in MAN Model Manado used the power of curriculum 13 (K-13) and the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) & Muhammadiyah religious organizations. These two strengths are carried out through an indoctrination teaching strategy, including dichotomy, internalization, and habituation. Their status as State Civil Apparatus (ASN) also influences the strengthening of religious moderation in the learning process. Our research also found that the IPNU (Nahdlatul Ulama Student Association) and the IPM (Muhammadiyah Student Association) base their perceptions on a rational-religious model. In the Manado Model MAN, the position of religious moderation in civics education is more directed to the process of forming public morality rather than class identity hegemony.
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References
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Kamali, M. H. (2015). The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam: The Qur'anic Principle of Wasatiyyah. Oxford University Press.
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Manshur, F. M., & Husni, H. (2020). Promoting Religious Moderation through Literary-based Learning: A Quasi-Experimental Study. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(6), 5849–5855.
McCowan, T. (2011). Rethinking Citizenship Education: A Curriculum for Participatory Democracy. A&C Black.
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Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Sage Publications.
Mino, T., & Heto, P. P. K. (2020). Educating Humans. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 9(SI), 33–55.
Nassar‐McMillan, S. C., Lambert, R. G., & Hakim‐Larson, J. (2011). Discrimination History, Backlash Fear, and Ethnic Identity among Arab Americans: Post‐9/11 Snapshots. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 39(1), 38–47.
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Polanyi, M. (2013). Science, Faith and Society. University of Chicago Press.
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Shodiq, S. F. (2017). The Implications Of Applying Scientific Approach In Islamic Education Learning. In Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Education (ICIED) (Vol. 2, No. 1), 85–91.
Slone, J. (2007). Theological Incorrectness: Why Religious People Believe What They Shouldn't. Oxford University Press.
Sonn, C. C., & Fisher, A. T. (2003). Identity and Oppression: Differential Responses to An in-between Status. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31(1), 117–128.
Sugiyono. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Susanto, S., & Dwijayanto, A. (2022). Student's Attachment to Social Media and the Challenges of Moderate Islamic Education (Implementation During the Covid-19 Pandemic). Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 10(2), 331–352.
Tan, C. (2012). Islamic Education and Indoctrination: The Case in Indonesia. Routledge.
Törnquist, O., & Harriss, J. (2016). Reinventing Social Democratic Development: Insights from Indian and Scandinavian Comparisons. Nias Press.
Triangulation, D. S. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(5).
Van Bruinessen, M. (1994). NU; Tradisi, Relasi-Relasi Kuasa, Pencarian Wacana Baru. LKiS Pelangi Aksara.
Wood, D. J., & Logsdon, J. M. (2017). Theorising Business Citizenship. In Perspectives on corporate citizenship (pp. 83–103). Routledge.
Worden, S. (2005). Religion in Strategic Leadership: A Positivistic, Normative/Theological, and Strategic Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(3), 221–239.
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Alkatiri, Z. (2007). Perdebatan Teori Transisi Demokrasi. Wacana, 9(1), 32–50.
Bartelson, J. (2013). Three Concepts of Recognition. International Theory, 5(1), 107–129.
Beetham, D. (2004). Towards a Universal Framework for Democracy Assessment. Democratization, 11(2), 1–17.
Brinker Jr, D. L. (2012). Investigating Predictors of Preferences for Deliberative Qualities of Political Conversations Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Marquette University.
Brinkerhoff, D. W., & Brinkerhoff, J. M. (2011). Public–Private Partnerships: Perspectives on Purposes, Publicness, and Good Governance. Public Administration and Development, 31(1), 2–14.
Brownlow, A. (2011). Between Rights and Responsibilities: Insurgent Performance in An Invisible Landscape. Environment and Planning A, 43(6), 1268–1286.
Burdah, I., Kailani, N., & Ikhwan, M. (2019). Ulama, Politik, Dan Narasi Kebangsaan. UIN Sunan Kalijaga.
Castells, M. (2008). The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance. The ANNalS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 78–93.
Comtois, C. (2010). Greening The Asia Pacific Gateway: Sustainability as a Competitive Asset. Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada.
Craven, M., & Parfitt, R. (2010). Statehood, Self-Determination, and Recognition. International Law, 3(1), 203–251.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications.
Douglass, M. (2007). Civil Society for Itself and in The Public Sphere: Comparative Research on Globalization, Cities and Civic Space in Pacific Asia. In Globalization, The City and Civil Society in Pacific Asia. Routledge.
Dwijayanto, A. (2019). Peran Barisan Ansor Serbaguna (Banser) Dalam Menangkal Radikalisme. Farabi (e-Journal), 16(2), 127–146.
Dwijayanto, A., & Multazam, D. (2021). Pancasila and Rukun Negara: A Relation of Identity, State, and Nationalism in Indonesia and Malaysia. Tebuireng: Journal of Islamic Studies and Society, 2(1), 43–54.
Elliott, R., & Timulak, L. (2005). Descriptive and Interpretive Approaches to Qualitative Research. A Handbook of Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology, 1(7), 147–159.
Fealy, G. (2012). Ijtihad Politik Ulama; Sejarah NU 1952-1967 (Vol. 1). LKiS Pelangi Aksara.
Frøyland, K., Schafft, A., & Spjelkavik, Ø. (2018). Tackling Increasing Marginalization: Can Support-Side Approaches Contribute to Work Inclusion? In Work and Wellbeing in the Nordic Countries (pp. 194–215). Routledge.
Gaudelli, W. (2016). Global Citizenship Education. In Global Citizenship Education (pp. 41–72).
Gerring, J., & Thacker, S. C. (2008). A Centripetal Theory of Democratic Governance. Cambridge University Press.
Gerston, L. N. (2014). Public Policy Making: Process and Principles. Routledge.
Ginnell, K., Smith, P., & Oberlander, H. P. (2008). Making Biggest Bigger: Port Metro Vancouver's 21st Century Re-structuring–Global Meets Local at The Asia Pacific Gateway. Canadian Political Science Review, 2(4), 76–92.
Gray, H. (2013). Subject (ed) to Recognition. American Quarterly, 65(4), 771–798.
Gylfason, T., & Zoega, G. (2006). Natural Resources and Economic Growth: The Role of Investment. World Economy, 29(8), 1091–1115.
Gylfason, T. (2006). Natural Resources and Economic Growth: From Dependence to Diversification. Economic Liberalization and Integration Policy, 201–231.
Hakim-Larson, J., & Menna, R. (2015). Acculturation and Enculturation: Ethnic Identity Socialization Processes. In Handbook of Arab American Psychology (pp. 34–47).
Hanapi, M. S. (2014). The Wasatiyyah (Moderation) Concept in Islamic Epistemology: A Case Study of Its Implementation in Malaysia. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(9).
Hartono, Y., Haryanto, S., & Asrowi, A. (2018). Character Education in The Perspective of Humanistic Theory: A Case Study in Indonesia. Educare, 10(2).
Hiariej, E., & Stokke, K. (Eds. ). (2022). The Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia. Springer.
Hoesterey, J. (2022). Globalization and Islamic Indigenization in Southeast Asian Muslim Communities. ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture, 3(2), 1–20.
Husna, U., & Thohir, M. (2020). Religious Moderation as A New Approach to Learning Islamic Religious Education in Schools. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 14(1), 199–222.
Ida, L. (2004). NU Muda: Kaum Progresif dan Sekularisme Baru. Erlangga.
Jackson, R. (2014). Signposts-Policy and Practice for Teaching About Religions and Non-Religious World Views in Intercultural Education. Council of Europe.
Jamaludin, A. N. (2022). Religious Moderation: The Concept and Practice in Higher Education Institutions. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(1), 539–548.
Kamali, M. H. (2015). The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam: The Qur'anic Principle of Wasatiyyah. Oxford University Press.
Keane, J. (2013). Civil Society: Old Images, New Visions. John Wiley & Sons.
Kersten, K. P. L. G. (2018). Berebut Wacana: Pergulatan Wacana Umat Islam Indonesia Era Reformasi. KCLPURE.
Ladeur, K. H., & Augsberg, I. (2007). The Myth of The Neutral State: The Relationship between State and Religion in The Face of New Challenges. German Law Journal, 8(2), 143–152.
Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative Descriptive Research: An Acceptable Design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255–256.
Larson, E. M., Pasandaran, S., & Katuuk, D. (2020). Cultivating Respect for Religious Diversity: A Case Study of Civic Education in Manado. 2nd Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2019), 6–11.
Lister, R. (2007). Why Citizenship: Where, When and How Children? Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 8(2), 693–718.
Maclure, J., & Taylor, C. (2011). Secularism and Freedom of Conscience. Harvard University Press.
Madeley, J. (2003). European Liberal Democracy and The Principle of State Religious Neutrality. West European Politics, 26(1), 1–22.
Manshur, F. M., & Husni, H. (2020). Promoting Religious Moderation through Literary-based Learning: A Quasi-Experimental Study. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(6), 5849–5855.
McCowan, T. (2011). Rethinking Citizenship Education: A Curriculum for Participatory Democracy. A&C Black.
Permendiknas No. 67 Tahun 2013 tentang Kerangka Dasar dan Struktur Kurikulum SD/MI, (2013).
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Sage Publications.
Mino, T., & Heto, P. P. K. (2020). Educating Humans. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 9(SI), 33–55.
Nassar‐McMillan, S. C., Lambert, R. G., & Hakim‐Larson, J. (2011). Discrimination History, Backlash Fear, and Ethnic Identity among Arab Americans: Post‐9/11 Snapshots. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 39(1), 38–47.
Pepinsky, T. B., Liddle, R. W., & Mujani, S. (2018). Kesalehan dan Pilihan Politik: Memahami Kebangkitan Islam-Politik dari Perspektif Indonesia. Prenada Media Group.
Polanyi, M. (2013). Science, Faith and Society. University of Chicago Press.
Ponce, A. N., & Rowe, M. (2018). Citizenship and Community Mental Health Care. American Journal of Community Psychology, 61(1–2), 22–31.
Rahardjo, M. (2017). Studi Kasus dalam Penelitian Kualitatif: Konsep dan Prosedurnya. UIN Malang.
Raihani, R. (2018). Education for Multicultural Citizens in Indonesia: Policies and Practices. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 48(6), 992–1009.
Richards, R., Morrell, M. E., Brinker, D., Reedy, J., & Richards Jr, R. C. (2022). Psychological Phenomena in Democratic Deliberation. Journal of Deliberative Democracy, 18(2).
Ryder, B. (2005). State Neutrality and Freedom of Conscience and Religion. Supreme Court Law Review, 29(2), 174–179.
Saenong, F. F. (2021). Nahdlatul Ulama (NU): A Grassroots Movement Advocating Moderate Islam. In Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements (pp. 129–150). Brill.
Saleh, A. A., & Andriyani, R. (2022). Village Development Planning Strategy Aware of Religious Harmony Through Sustainable Livelihood Approach. The 4th International Conference on University Community Engagement (ICON-UCE 2022) Vol. 4,.
Santoso, A. B. (2021). Regional Head of Performance Accountability in Local Government Law from The New Order to The Reform Era. Varia Justicia, 17(1), 62–71.
Scholten, H. J. (2011). Statehood and State Extinction: Sea Level Rise and The Legal Challenges Faced by Low-Lying Island-States. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Seymour, M., & Levin, H. M. (2015). Educating for Humanity: Rethinking the Purposes of Education. Routledge.
Shodiq, S. F. (2017). The Implications Of Applying Scientific Approach In Islamic Education Learning. In Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Education (ICIED) (Vol. 2, No. 1), 85–91.
Slone, J. (2007). Theological Incorrectness: Why Religious People Believe What They Shouldn't. Oxford University Press.
Sonn, C. C., & Fisher, A. T. (2003). Identity and Oppression: Differential Responses to An in-between Status. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31(1), 117–128.
Sugiyono. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Susanto, S., & Dwijayanto, A. (2022). Student's Attachment to Social Media and the Challenges of Moderate Islamic Education (Implementation During the Covid-19 Pandemic). Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 10(2), 331–352.
Tan, C. (2012). Islamic Education and Indoctrination: The Case in Indonesia. Routledge.
Törnquist, O., & Harriss, J. (2016). Reinventing Social Democratic Development: Insights from Indian and Scandinavian Comparisons. Nias Press.
Triangulation, D. S. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(5).
Van Bruinessen, M. (1994). NU; Tradisi, Relasi-Relasi Kuasa, Pencarian Wacana Baru. LKiS Pelangi Aksara.
Wood, D. J., & Logsdon, J. M. (2017). Theorising Business Citizenship. In Perspectives on corporate citizenship (pp. 83–103). Routledge.
Worden, S. (2005). Religion in Strategic Leadership: A Positivistic, Normative/Theological, and Strategic Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(3), 221–239.
Yunita, N., Laifa, A., Affianty, D., & Mubarok, Z. (2018). Gen Z: Kegalauan Identitas Keagamaan. UMJ.
Published
2023-03-27
How to Cite
Mustafa, M. (2023). Strengthening Religious Moderation through the Role of Civics Teachers. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 15(1), 227-242. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v15i1.2448
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Copyright (c) 2023 Mustafa Mustafa
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