Vocational High School Student Problems: Investigating School Climate and Career Decision-Making Difficulty
Keywords:
Vocational Students’ Problems; School Climate; Career Decision Making Difficulties; Vocational School Students
Abstract
Implementing the Independent Curriculum launched by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia seeks to strengthen the quality of Indonesian education and prepare students to learn the material needed so that the world of work can directly absorb it. Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan/ SMK) is a secondary school that prepares students to be ready for work. Vocational students need to prepare provisions for the world of work. They must be able to make career decisions in line with the stage of career development, which is the exploration stage, to have a more directed career. This study examined the difficulties of career decision-making in vocational students and the role of school climate that will influence students' career decisions. The study was conducted on several vocational schools in Pangandaran Regency, one of the West Java areas with a high open unemployment rate. The respondents were class XII students with a sample of 180 people. The theoretical concepts used in this study are the School Climate (NSCC, 2015) and the Career Decision-Making Difficulties (Gati et al., 1996). The research design used is a non-experimental approach using linear regression analysis methods. The data collection technique is through online and written questionnaires with stratified and cluster sampling techniques. The results showed a positively significant influence of the school climate on the difficulty of making career decisions by 15.2%. That is, the more positive the perspective of grade 12 Vocational High School students on the school climate, the lower the level of difficulty in making career decisions, and vice versa.
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References
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Chuang, N. K., Lee, P. C., & Kwok, L. (2020). Assisting students with career decision-making difficulties: Can career decision-making self-efficacy and career decision-making profile help? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2019.100235
Creed, P. A., Patton, W., & Prideaux, L. A. (2007). Predicting change over time in career planning and career exploration for high school students. Journal of Adolescence, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.003
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Kowske, B. J., Rasch, R., & Wiley, J. (2010). Millennials’ (lack of) attitude problem: An empirical examination of generational effects on work attitudes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9171-8
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Lombardi, E., Traficante, D., Bettoni, R., Offredi, I., Giorgetti, M., & Vernice, M. (2019). The impact of school climate on well-being experience and school engagement: A study with high-school students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02482
Long, E., Zucca, C., & Sweeting, H. (2021). School Climate, Peer Relationships, and Adolescent Mental Health: A Social-Ecological Perspective. Youth and Society, 53(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X20970232
Machluf, K., Liddle, J. R., & Bjorklund, D. F. (2014). An introduction to evolutionary developmental psychology. Evolutionary Psychology, 12(SPECIALISSUE.2). https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491401200201
McDonald, K. S., & Hite, L. M. (2023). Career Development Interventions. In Career Development. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003246381-4
McDonald, M. (2004). Book Review: Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling (3rd ed.). Australian Journal of Career Development, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620401300315
Mills, E., Stefaniak, J., Luo, T., & Glass, C. (2020). An Exploration of Career Decision-making among Domestic and International Instructional Design Students. TechTrends, 64(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00422-1
Molinari, L., & Grazia, V. (2023). Students’ school climate perceptions: do engagement and burnout matter? Learning Environments Research, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-021-09384-9
Nishimura, T., Wakuta, M., Tsuchiya, K. J., Osuka, Y., Tamai, H., Takei, N., & Katayama, T. (2020). Measuring school climate among Japanese students—developing the Japan school climate inventory (JASC). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124426
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Osipow, S. H., & Gati, I. (1998). Construct and concurrent validity of the career decision-making difficulties questionnaire. Journal of Career Assessment, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279800600305
Patton, W., Bartrum, D. A., & Creed, P. A. (2004). Gender Differences for Optimism, Self-esteem, Expectations and Goals in Predicting Career Planning and Exploration in Adolescents. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 4(2–3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-005-1745-z
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Rizaty, M. A. (2021). BPS: tingkat pengangguran anak muda semakin tinggi saat pandemi. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Rogers, M. E., & Creed, P. A. (2011). A longitudinal examination of adolescent career planning and exploration using a social cognitive career theory framework. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.12.010
Sharf, R. S. (2014). Applying Career Development Theory To Counseling. In cengage learning.
Shen, Q. (2022). The Importance of Integrating Career Planning Education into High School Curriculum. Proceedings of the 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021), 615. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.364
Statistik Indonesia 2019. (n.d.).
Sutiman, Sofyan, H., Soenarto, Mutohhari, F., & Nurtanto, M. (2022). Students’ Career Decision-Making During Online Learning: The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy in Vocational Education. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.3.1669
Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A Review of School Climate Research. In Review of Educational Research (Vol. 83, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654313483907
Theme, C. (2018). Diversity in Harmony - Insights from Psychology. Diversity in Harmony - Insights from Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119362081
Utomo, W. (2021a). Paradigma Pendidikan Vokasi: Tantangan, Harapan Dan Kenyataan INFO. Almufi Journal of Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation Education, 1(2).
Utomo, W. (2021b). Vocational education paradigm: Challenges, expectations, and reality (in Indonesian). Almufi Journal of Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation Education, 1(2).
Wang, X. H., Wang, H. P., & Lai, W. Y. (2023). Sustainable Career Development for College Students: An Inquiry into SCCT-Based Career Decision-Making. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010426
Wong, M. D., Dosanjh, K. K., Jackson, N. J., Rünger, D., & Dudovitz, R. N. (2021). The longitudinal relationship of school climate with adolescent social and emotional health. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10245-6
Zynuddin, S. N., Kenayathulla, H. B., & Sumintono, B. (2023). The relationship between school climate and students’ non-cognitive skills: A systematic literature review. In Heliyon (Vol. 9, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14773
American Educational Research Association., American Psychological Association., National Council on Measurement in Education., & Joint Committee on Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (U.S.). (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing.
Armstrong, L. (1994). Book Review: Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling. Australian Journal of Career Development, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/103841629400300117
Bassot, B. (2021). Career theories and models at work: ideas for practice. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2020.1852178
BPS. (2023). Februari 2023: Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) sebesar 5,45 persen dan Rata-rata upah buruh sebesar 2,94 juta rupiah per bulan. BPS. https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2023/05/05/2001/februari-2023--tingkat-pengangguran-terbuka--tpt--sebesar-5-45-persen-dan-rata-rata-upah-buruh-sebesar-2-94-juta-rupiah-per-bulan.html
Brioux, K., & Oubrayrie-roussel, N. (2019). Self-esteem and Career Decision-Making Difficulties Of Adolescents And Emerging Adults From 13 to 25. October 21–22.
Chuang, N. K., Lee, P. C., & Kwok, L. (2020). Assisting students with career decision-making difficulties: Can career decision-making self-efficacy and career decision-making profile help? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2019.100235
Creed, P. A., Patton, W., & Prideaux, L. A. (2007). Predicting change over time in career planning and career exploration for high school students. Journal of Adolescence, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.003
Dreer, B. (2022). Teacher well-being: Investigating the contributions of school climate and job crafting. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2044583
Fomby, P., & Cherlin, A. J. (2011). Adolescent Work, Vocational Development, and Education Melanie. 72(2), 181–204.
Fris, D. A. H., van Vianen, A. E. M., Koen, J., de Hoog, M., & de Pagter, A. P. J. (2022). Medical students’ career decision-making stress during clinical clerkships. Perspectives on Medical Education, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-022-00734-8
Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S. H. (1996). A Taxonomy of Difficulties in Career Decision Making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 510–526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.510
Gati, I., Osipow, S. H., Krausz, M., & Saka, N. (2000). Validity of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire: Counselee versus Career Counselor Perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(1), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1710
Gosk, U., Al-Khamisy, D., & Kulesza, E. M. (2017). School Climate And The Sense Of Coherence Among Adolescent Students With Dyslexia. INTED2017 Proceedings, 1. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2017.0701
Hartanto, C. F. B., & Haryani. (2020). Analisis Tata Kelola Standar Pendidik Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Pada Pendidikan Tinggi Vokasi Kemaritiman Di Indonesia. Jurnal Sains Teknologi Transportasi Maritim, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.51578/j.sitektransmar.v2i1.14
Infobanknews. (2023). Per Agustus 2023, Jumlah Pengangguran di RI Tembus 7,86 juta Orang. Infobanknews.Com. https://infobanknews.com/per-agustus-2023-jumlah-pengangguran-di-ri-tembus-786-juta-orang/#:~:text=Per Agustus 2023%2C Jumlah Pengangguran,7%2C86 juta Orang %7C Infobanknews
Istia’dah, F. N. L., Imaddudin, A., Arumsari, C., Nugraha, A., Sulistiana, D., & Sugiana, G. (2018). Program Bimbingan Karir Pada Siswa Kelas XII SMK Assaabiq Singaparna. ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v1i1.237
Kołodziejczyk, J., & Ulatowska, R. (2017). TEACHERS AND THEIR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT. EDULEARN17 Proceedings, 1. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1781
Kowske, B. J., Rasch, R., & Wiley, J. (2010). Millennials’ (lack of) attitude problem: An empirical examination of generational effects on work attitudes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9171-8
Lestari Moerdijat. (2020). Permasalahan Pendidikan Vokasi Di Indonesia. Lestarimoerdijat.Com.
Lombardi, E., Traficante, D., Bettoni, R., Offredi, I., Giorgetti, M., & Vernice, M. (2019). The impact of school climate on well-being experience and school engagement: A study with high-school students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02482
Long, E., Zucca, C., & Sweeting, H. (2021). School Climate, Peer Relationships, and Adolescent Mental Health: A Social-Ecological Perspective. Youth and Society, 53(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X20970232
Machluf, K., Liddle, J. R., & Bjorklund, D. F. (2014). An introduction to evolutionary developmental psychology. Evolutionary Psychology, 12(SPECIALISSUE.2). https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491401200201
McDonald, K. S., & Hite, L. M. (2023). Career Development Interventions. In Career Development. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003246381-4
McDonald, M. (2004). Book Review: Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling (3rd ed.). Australian Journal of Career Development, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620401300315
Mills, E., Stefaniak, J., Luo, T., & Glass, C. (2020). An Exploration of Career Decision-making among Domestic and International Instructional Design Students. TechTrends, 64(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00422-1
Molinari, L., & Grazia, V. (2023). Students’ school climate perceptions: do engagement and burnout matter? Learning Environments Research, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-021-09384-9
Nishimura, T., Wakuta, M., Tsuchiya, K. J., Osuka, Y., Tamai, H., Takei, N., & Katayama, T. (2020). Measuring school climate among Japanese students—developing the Japan school climate inventory (JASC). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124426
NSCC. (2015). What is School Climate, and Why is it Important? National School Climate Center. https://schoolclimate.org/school-climate/
Osipow, S. H., & Gati, I. (1998). Construct and concurrent validity of the career decision-making difficulties questionnaire. Journal of Career Assessment, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279800600305
Patton, W., Bartrum, D. A., & Creed, P. A. (2004). Gender Differences for Optimism, Self-esteem, Expectations and Goals in Predicting Career Planning and Exploration in Adolescents. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 4(2–3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-005-1745-z
Puri, I. A. W. R. I., & Wicaksono, P. (2023). Pendidikan Vokasi dan Pengembalian Upah. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v12i1.56689
Rizaty, M. A. (2021). BPS: tingkat pengangguran anak muda semakin tinggi saat pandemi. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Rogers, M. E., & Creed, P. A. (2011). A longitudinal examination of adolescent career planning and exploration using a social cognitive career theory framework. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.12.010
Sharf, R. S. (2014). Applying Career Development Theory To Counseling. In cengage learning.
Shen, Q. (2022). The Importance of Integrating Career Planning Education into High School Curriculum. Proceedings of the 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021), 615. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.364
Statistik Indonesia 2019. (n.d.).
Sutiman, Sofyan, H., Soenarto, Mutohhari, F., & Nurtanto, M. (2022). Students’ Career Decision-Making During Online Learning: The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy in Vocational Education. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.3.1669
Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A Review of School Climate Research. In Review of Educational Research (Vol. 83, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654313483907
Theme, C. (2018). Diversity in Harmony - Insights from Psychology. Diversity in Harmony - Insights from Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119362081
Utomo, W. (2021a). Paradigma Pendidikan Vokasi: Tantangan, Harapan Dan Kenyataan INFO. Almufi Journal of Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation Education, 1(2).
Utomo, W. (2021b). Vocational education paradigm: Challenges, expectations, and reality (in Indonesian). Almufi Journal of Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation Education, 1(2).
Wang, X. H., Wang, H. P., & Lai, W. Y. (2023). Sustainable Career Development for College Students: An Inquiry into SCCT-Based Career Decision-Making. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010426
Wong, M. D., Dosanjh, K. K., Jackson, N. J., Rünger, D., & Dudovitz, R. N. (2021). The longitudinal relationship of school climate with adolescent social and emotional health. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10245-6
Zynuddin, S. N., Kenayathulla, H. B., & Sumintono, B. (2023). The relationship between school climate and students’ non-cognitive skills: A systematic literature review. In Heliyon (Vol. 9, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14773
Published
2023-06-30
How to Cite
Kadiyono, A. L., & Utami, S. V. (2023). Vocational High School Student Problems: Investigating School Climate and Career Decision-Making Difficulty. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 15(1), 687-700. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v15i1.4201
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Copyright (c) 2023 Anissa Lestari Kadiyono, Shaufika Virisya Utami
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