Student Academic Procrastination? Self Esteem, Motivation for Achievement, and Learning Style
Keywords:
learning style, Motivation for achievement, Academic procrastination, Self Esteem
Abstract
Academic procrastination is a tendency to avoid or postpone academic tasks that students often carry out. Many factors cause academic procrastination, including internal and external factors. This study aims to determine the correlation between self-esteem, achievement motivation, and learning style on students' academic procrastination. This study uses quantitative research with a correlational study design. The population of this study is active students of PGRI Madiun University. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling, and a sample of 586 students was obtained. The data collection technique uses a psychological scale with a Likert Scale model with alternative answers: Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. The self-esteem scale consists of 23 items, the achievement motivation scale consists of 12 items, the learning style scale consists of 30 items and the academic procrastination scale consists of 31 items. The data analysis technique uses product-moment correlation with the help of SPSS 29. The study results showed a significant correlation between self-esteem, achievement motivation, and learning style with academic procrastination.
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References
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Abassi, M., & Darahi, Sh. (2014). Role of Procrastination, Self-Regulation, and Metacognition in Predicting Students’ Academic Motivation. Bimonthly of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 7(5), 273–278.
Affum-osei, E., Adom, E. A., Barnie, J., & Forkuoh, S. K. (2014). Achievement motivation, academic self-concept and academic achievement among high school students. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 2(2), 24–37.
Afzal, S., & Jami, H. (2018). Prevalence of Academic Procrastination and Reasons for Academic Procrastination in University Students. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 28(1), 51.
Akin, I., & Radford, L. (2018). Exploring The Development Of Student Self-Esteem And Resilience In Urban Schools. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 11(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.19030/cier.v11i1.10118
Anggrawan, A. (2019). Analisis Deskriptif Hasil Belajar Pembelajaran Tatap Muka dan Pembelajaran Online Menurut Gaya Belajar Mahasiswa. MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika Dan Rekayasa Komputer, 18(2), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v18i2.411
Balkis, M. (2014). Academic Efficacy As a Mediator and Moderator Variable In the Relationship Between Academic Procrastination and Academic Achievement. September.
Brando-Garrido, C., Montes-Hidalgo, J., Limonero, J. T., Gómez-Romero, M. J., & Tomás-Sábado, J. (2020). Relationship of academic procrastination with perceived competence, coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy in Nursing students. Enfermería Clínica (English Edition), 30(6), 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2019.07.013
Busato, V. V., Prins, F. J., Elshout, J. J., & Hamaker, C. (2000). Intellectual ability, learning style, personality, achievement motivation and academic success of psychology students in higher education. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(6), 1057–1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00253-6
Cvencek, D., Fryberg, S. A., Covarrubias, R., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2018). Self-Concepts, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement of Minority and Majority North American Elementary School Children. Child Development, 89(4), 1099–1109. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12802
Ebadi, S., & Shakoorzadeh, R. (2015). Investigation of Academic Procrastination Prevalence and Its Relationship with Academic Self-Regulation and Achievement Motivation among High-School Students in Tehran City. International Education Studies, 8(10), 193–199. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n10p193
Galante, M., & Ward, R. M. (2017). Female student leaders: Examining transformational leadership, athletics, and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.017
Gündüz, G. F. (2020). The Relationship Between Academic Procrastination Behaviors Of Secondary School Students, Learning Styles And Parenting Behaviors To cite this article: The Relationship Between Academic Procrastination Behaviors Of Secondary School Students, Learning S.
Hamdani Abdi. (2021). ESTEEM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN. Diniyah Jurnal, 8(1), 1–26.
Harahap, H. S., Hrp, N. A., Nasution, I. B., Harahap, A., Harahap, A., & Harahap, A. (2021). Hubungan Motivasi Berprestasi, Minat dan Perhatian Orang Tua Terhadap Kemandirian Siswa. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(4), 1133–1143.
Haryanti, A., & Santoso, R. (2020). Prokrastinasi Akademik Pada Mahasiswa Yang Aktif Berorganisasi. Sukma : Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 1(01), 41–47.
Hen, M., & Goroshit, M. (2020). The effects of decisional and academic procrastination on students’ feelings toward academic procrastination. Current Psychology, 39(2), 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9777-3
Hernández, Y. C. U., Cueto, O. F. A., Shardin-Flores, N., & Luy-Montejo, C. A. (2020). Academic procrastination, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in university students: Comparative study in two Peruvian cities. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9(January), 2474–2480. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.300
Hernández-torrano, D., Ali, S., & Chan, C. (2017). First-year medical students ’ learning style preferences and their correlation with performance in different subjects within the medical course. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-0965-5
Johnson, A. R., Jayappa, R., James, M., Kulnu, A., Kovayil, R., & Joseph, B. (2020). Do Low Self-Esteem and high stress lead to Burnout Among healthcare workers? Evidence From a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India. Safety and Health at Work, 11(3), 347–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.05.009
Kaplan, M., & Güngörmüş, Z. (2022). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde akademik erteleme davranışı: Akademik güdülenme, akademik özyeterlik ve akademik yükleme stillerinin rolü. Anatolian Journal of Health Research, Volume 3 Issue 2(Volume 3 Issue 2), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.29228/anatoljhr.57730
Karimi Moonaghi, H., & Baloochi Beydokhti, T. (2017). Academic procrastination and its characteristics: A Narrative Review. Future of Medical Education Journal, 7(2), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2017.9049
Khorsidi, F. R., Sangni, A., & Jangi, P. (2019). The Relationship between Academic Procrastination, Locus of Control and Achievement Motivation with Academic Achievement in Nursing Student. 8(1). https://doi.org/10.21859/jne-08103
Klibert, J., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Luna, A., & Robichaux, M. (2011). Suicide proneness in college students: Relationships with gender, procrastination, and achievement motivation. Death Studies, 35(7), 625–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2011.553311
Lohbeck, A., & Petermann, F. (2018). Cyber victimization, self-esteem, and social relationships among German secondary school students. Journal of School Violence, 17(4), 472–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1428194
Magfiroh, L., & Pratiwi, T. I. (2020). Hubungan Self-Esteem dan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Motivasi Berprestasi Pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP NEGERI 30 SURABAYA. Jurnal BK UNESA, 11(3), 303–311.
Masoumi, H. (2023). Investigating The Relationship Between Learning Styles with Students’ Academic Procrastination. International Journal of New Findings in Health and Educational Sciences (IJHES), 1(2), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.63053/ijhes.26
Muyana, S. (2018). Prokrastinasi akademik dikalangan mahasiswa program studi bimbingan dan konseling. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 8(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v8i1.1868
Nabila, L. A., & Widjajanti, D. B. (2020). Self-esteem in mathematics learning: How can it be developed through contextual teaching and learning? Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1581(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1581/1/012049
Nugraheni, E., & Pangaribuan, N. (2006). Gaya Belajar Dan Strategi Belajara Mahasiswa Jarak Jauh: Kasus Di Universitas Terbuka. Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka Dan Jarak Jauh, 7(1), 68–82.
Onokpaunu, M. O., & Okoye, K. R. (2020). Relationship between Self-Esteem, Academic Procrastination and Test Anxiety with Academic Achievement of Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Students in Delta State University, Abraka. International Scholars Journal of Arts and Social Science Research, 3(1), 37–47.
Partovi, T., & Razavi, M. R. (2019). The effect of game-based learning on academic achievement motivation of elementary school students. Learning and Motivation, 68(June), 101592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2019.101592
Quispe-Bendezú, L. E., Araujo-Castillo, R. L., García-Tejada, J. E., García-Tejada, Y., Sprock, A. S., & Villalba-Condori, K. O. (2020). Relationship between academic procrastination and attributions of achievement motivation. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(1), 188–205. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.1.11
Rasheed, F., & Wahid, A. (2021). Learning style detection in E-learning systems using machine learning techniques. Expert Systems With Applications, 174(September 2020), 114774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114774
Rasoli Khorsidi, F., Sangni, A., Jangi, P., Author, C., & Khorsidi, R. F. (2019). Correlations of Academic Procrastination and Locus of Control with Academic Achievement in Nursing Students: The Mediating Role of Achievement Motivation. Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty, 5(2), 57–67.
Sari, A. K. (2014). Analisis Karakteristik Gaya Belajar Vak(Visual, Auditorial, Kinestetik)Mahasiswa Pendidikan Informatika Angkatan 2014. Edutic - Scientific Journal of Informatics Education, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21107/edutic.v1i1.395
Septian, F. (2018). Hubungan Harga Diri dan Regulasi Diri dengan Prokratinasi Akademik pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Setyawan, A. A. (2014). Pengaruh gaya belajar, prokrastinasi dan fasilitas belajar terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa prodi pendidikan akuntansi fakultas ekonomi universitas negeri surabaya. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi, 1–8.
Shamsuddin, N., & Kaur, J. (2020). Does the student’s learning style and ts affect blended learning matter ? 9(1), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i1.20422
Singh, K. (2011). Study of Achievement Motivation about Academic Achievement of Students. Shared Seasoned International Journal of Topical, 6(1), 1–12.
van Aalst, D. A. E., Huitsing, G., Mainhard, T., Cillessen, A. H. N., & Veenstra, R. (2021). Testing how teachers’ self-efficacy and student-teacher relationships moderate the association between bullying, victimization, and student self-esteem. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 00(00), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2021.1912728
Visser, L., Korthagen, F. A. J., Schoonenboom, J., & Loeffler, S. N. (2018). Differences in Learning Characteristics Between Students With High, Average, and Low Levels of Academic Procrastination: Students ’ Views on Factors Influencing Their Learning. 9(May), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00808
Wan Hussin, W. A. S., & Mohd Matore, M. E. E. (2023). The influence of learning styles on academic procrastination among students in mathematics. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(October). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239933
Yang, X., Liu, R. De, Ding, Y., Hong, W., & Jiang, S. (2021). The relations between academic procrastination and self-esteem in adolescents: A longitudinal study. Current Psychology, 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02075-x
Zacks, S., & Hen, M. (2018). Academic interventions for academic procrastination: A review of the literature. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 46(2), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2016.1198154
Zhang, Y., Dong, S., Fang, W., Chai, X., & Mei, J. (2018). Self-efficacy for self-regulation and fear of failure as mediators between self-esteem and academic procrastination among undergraduates in health professions. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 23(4), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-018-9832-3
Abassi, M., & Darahi, Sh. (2014). Role of Procrastination, Self-Regulation, and Metacognition in Predicting Students’ Academic Motivation. Bimonthly of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 7(5), 273–278.
Affum-osei, E., Adom, E. A., Barnie, J., & Forkuoh, S. K. (2014). Achievement motivation, academic self-concept and academic achievement among high school students. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 2(2), 24–37.
Afzal, S., & Jami, H. (2018). Prevalence of Academic Procrastination and Reasons for Academic Procrastination in University Students. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 28(1), 51.
Akin, I., & Radford, L. (2018). Exploring The Development Of Student Self-Esteem And Resilience In Urban Schools. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 11(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.19030/cier.v11i1.10118
Anggrawan, A. (2019). Analisis Deskriptif Hasil Belajar Pembelajaran Tatap Muka dan Pembelajaran Online Menurut Gaya Belajar Mahasiswa. MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika Dan Rekayasa Komputer, 18(2), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v18i2.411
Balkis, M. (2014). Academic Efficacy As a Mediator and Moderator Variable In the Relationship Between Academic Procrastination and Academic Achievement. September.
Brando-Garrido, C., Montes-Hidalgo, J., Limonero, J. T., Gómez-Romero, M. J., & Tomás-Sábado, J. (2020). Relationship of academic procrastination with perceived competence, coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy in Nursing students. Enfermería Clínica (English Edition), 30(6), 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2019.07.013
Busato, V. V., Prins, F. J., Elshout, J. J., & Hamaker, C. (2000). Intellectual ability, learning style, personality, achievement motivation and academic success of psychology students in higher education. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(6), 1057–1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00253-6
Cvencek, D., Fryberg, S. A., Covarrubias, R., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2018). Self-Concepts, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement of Minority and Majority North American Elementary School Children. Child Development, 89(4), 1099–1109. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12802
Ebadi, S., & Shakoorzadeh, R. (2015). Investigation of Academic Procrastination Prevalence and Its Relationship with Academic Self-Regulation and Achievement Motivation among High-School Students in Tehran City. International Education Studies, 8(10), 193–199. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n10p193
Galante, M., & Ward, R. M. (2017). Female student leaders: Examining transformational leadership, athletics, and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.017
Gündüz, G. F. (2020). The Relationship Between Academic Procrastination Behaviors Of Secondary School Students, Learning Styles And Parenting Behaviors To cite this article: The Relationship Between Academic Procrastination Behaviors Of Secondary School Students, Learning S.
Hamdani Abdi. (2021). ESTEEM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN. Diniyah Jurnal, 8(1), 1–26.
Harahap, H. S., Hrp, N. A., Nasution, I. B., Harahap, A., Harahap, A., & Harahap, A. (2021). Hubungan Motivasi Berprestasi, Minat dan Perhatian Orang Tua Terhadap Kemandirian Siswa. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(4), 1133–1143.
Haryanti, A., & Santoso, R. (2020). Prokrastinasi Akademik Pada Mahasiswa Yang Aktif Berorganisasi. Sukma : Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 1(01), 41–47.
Hen, M., & Goroshit, M. (2020). The effects of decisional and academic procrastination on students’ feelings toward academic procrastination. Current Psychology, 39(2), 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9777-3
Hernández, Y. C. U., Cueto, O. F. A., Shardin-Flores, N., & Luy-Montejo, C. A. (2020). Academic procrastination, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in university students: Comparative study in two Peruvian cities. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9(January), 2474–2480. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.300
Hernández-torrano, D., Ali, S., & Chan, C. (2017). First-year medical students ’ learning style preferences and their correlation with performance in different subjects within the medical course. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-0965-5
Johnson, A. R., Jayappa, R., James, M., Kulnu, A., Kovayil, R., & Joseph, B. (2020). Do Low Self-Esteem and high stress lead to Burnout Among healthcare workers? Evidence From a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India. Safety and Health at Work, 11(3), 347–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.05.009
Kaplan, M., & Güngörmüş, Z. (2022). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde akademik erteleme davranışı: Akademik güdülenme, akademik özyeterlik ve akademik yükleme stillerinin rolü. Anatolian Journal of Health Research, Volume 3 Issue 2(Volume 3 Issue 2), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.29228/anatoljhr.57730
Karimi Moonaghi, H., & Baloochi Beydokhti, T. (2017). Academic procrastination and its characteristics: A Narrative Review. Future of Medical Education Journal, 7(2), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2017.9049
Khorsidi, F. R., Sangni, A., & Jangi, P. (2019). The Relationship between Academic Procrastination, Locus of Control and Achievement Motivation with Academic Achievement in Nursing Student. 8(1). https://doi.org/10.21859/jne-08103
Klibert, J., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Luna, A., & Robichaux, M. (2011). Suicide proneness in college students: Relationships with gender, procrastination, and achievement motivation. Death Studies, 35(7), 625–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2011.553311
Lohbeck, A., & Petermann, F. (2018). Cyber victimization, self-esteem, and social relationships among German secondary school students. Journal of School Violence, 17(4), 472–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1428194
Magfiroh, L., & Pratiwi, T. I. (2020). Hubungan Self-Esteem dan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Motivasi Berprestasi Pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP NEGERI 30 SURABAYA. Jurnal BK UNESA, 11(3), 303–311.
Masoumi, H. (2023). Investigating The Relationship Between Learning Styles with Students’ Academic Procrastination. International Journal of New Findings in Health and Educational Sciences (IJHES), 1(2), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.63053/ijhes.26
Muyana, S. (2018). Prokrastinasi akademik dikalangan mahasiswa program studi bimbingan dan konseling. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 8(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v8i1.1868
Nabila, L. A., & Widjajanti, D. B. (2020). Self-esteem in mathematics learning: How can it be developed through contextual teaching and learning? Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1581(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1581/1/012049
Nugraheni, E., & Pangaribuan, N. (2006). Gaya Belajar Dan Strategi Belajara Mahasiswa Jarak Jauh: Kasus Di Universitas Terbuka. Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka Dan Jarak Jauh, 7(1), 68–82.
Onokpaunu, M. O., & Okoye, K. R. (2020). Relationship between Self-Esteem, Academic Procrastination and Test Anxiety with Academic Achievement of Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Students in Delta State University, Abraka. International Scholars Journal of Arts and Social Science Research, 3(1), 37–47.
Partovi, T., & Razavi, M. R. (2019). The effect of game-based learning on academic achievement motivation of elementary school students. Learning and Motivation, 68(June), 101592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2019.101592
Quispe-Bendezú, L. E., Araujo-Castillo, R. L., García-Tejada, J. E., García-Tejada, Y., Sprock, A. S., & Villalba-Condori, K. O. (2020). Relationship between academic procrastination and attributions of achievement motivation. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(1), 188–205. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.1.11
Rasheed, F., & Wahid, A. (2021). Learning style detection in E-learning systems using machine learning techniques. Expert Systems With Applications, 174(September 2020), 114774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114774
Rasoli Khorsidi, F., Sangni, A., Jangi, P., Author, C., & Khorsidi, R. F. (2019). Correlations of Academic Procrastination and Locus of Control with Academic Achievement in Nursing Students: The Mediating Role of Achievement Motivation. Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty, 5(2), 57–67.
Sari, A. K. (2014). Analisis Karakteristik Gaya Belajar Vak(Visual, Auditorial, Kinestetik)Mahasiswa Pendidikan Informatika Angkatan 2014. Edutic - Scientific Journal of Informatics Education, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21107/edutic.v1i1.395
Septian, F. (2018). Hubungan Harga Diri dan Regulasi Diri dengan Prokratinasi Akademik pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Setyawan, A. A. (2014). Pengaruh gaya belajar, prokrastinasi dan fasilitas belajar terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa prodi pendidikan akuntansi fakultas ekonomi universitas negeri surabaya. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi, 1–8.
Shamsuddin, N., & Kaur, J. (2020). Does the student’s learning style and ts affect blended learning matter ? 9(1), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i1.20422
Singh, K. (2011). Study of Achievement Motivation about Academic Achievement of Students. Shared Seasoned International Journal of Topical, 6(1), 1–12.
van Aalst, D. A. E., Huitsing, G., Mainhard, T., Cillessen, A. H. N., & Veenstra, R. (2021). Testing how teachers’ self-efficacy and student-teacher relationships moderate the association between bullying, victimization, and student self-esteem. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 00(00), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2021.1912728
Visser, L., Korthagen, F. A. J., Schoonenboom, J., & Loeffler, S. N. (2018). Differences in Learning Characteristics Between Students With High, Average, and Low Levels of Academic Procrastination: Students ’ Views on Factors Influencing Their Learning. 9(May), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00808
Wan Hussin, W. A. S., & Mohd Matore, M. E. E. (2023). The influence of learning styles on academic procrastination among students in mathematics. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(October). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239933
Yang, X., Liu, R. De, Ding, Y., Hong, W., & Jiang, S. (2021). The relations between academic procrastination and self-esteem in adolescents: A longitudinal study. Current Psychology, 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02075-x
Zacks, S., & Hen, M. (2018). Academic interventions for academic procrastination: A review of the literature. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 46(2), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2016.1198154
Zhang, Y., Dong, S., Fang, W., Chai, X., & Mei, J. (2018). Self-efficacy for self-regulation and fear of failure as mediators between self-esteem and academic procrastination among undergraduates in health professions. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 23(4), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-018-9832-3
Published
2024-11-09
How to Cite
Trisnani, R. P., & Asri, D. N. (2024). Student Academic Procrastination? Self Esteem, Motivation for Achievement, and Learning Style. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 16(2), 1155-1168. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v16i2.5455
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