Between Reprimands and Support: An Exploration of Politeness in Teacher-Student Interaction in the Classroom Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v16i2.6367Keywords:
Teacher-Student Interaction, Pragmatic Politeness, Classroom Management, Verbal Reprimands, Learning MotivationAbstract
Communication issues between educators and students in classroom management pose challenges, especially when balancing motivation and discipline. This study aims to investigate patterns of teacher reprimand and supportive communication in classroom interactions simultaneously and understand how communication dynamics affect student learning. A qualitative design with a descriptive approach involved teachers and students in the research project across three secondary schools in Purbalingga, meeting diverse classroom criteria. Data collection methods included documentation, field notes, direct observation, and interviews organized during the academic year of the three-phase systematic research. Thematic analysis was used to examine the data. Results showed that the proportional ratio between reprimand and support depended on class characteristics. Thus, disciplined classes showed a ratio of 1:2; conducive streams were closer to 1:1.5, and even "less controlled" conducive classes relied on reprimands (1:1.5). Direct reprimands proved more effective in crises, while verbal support increased student motivation, especially for students with low participation. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation of 0.6 between support and student motivation and a weak negative correlation of -0.3 for reprimands. Thus, teacher training based on these abilities is indispensable in educational practice.
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References
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Martins, R. M., Ferraz, S. B., & Fagundes, A. F. A. (2024). “Fundamentalist, pragmatic, or unconcerned?”: an analysis of consumers’ willingness to disclose information online. RAUSP Management Journal, 59(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-06-2023-0099
Mather, M., Pettigrew, L. M., & Navaratnam, S. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to clinical behavior change by primary care practitioners: a theory-informed systematic review of reviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel. In Systematic Reviews. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136921952&doi=10.1186%2Fs13643-022-02030-2&partnerID=40&md5=18396e3956cd4f00a044511855920c1b
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Najeeb, Z. M., Maros, M., & Nor, N. F. M. (2012). Politeness in e-mails of Arab students in Malaysia. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 12(1), 125–145.
Nordin, N. R. M., Hamza, M. H., & Hussin, Z. (2024). Politeness Strategies in Declining Invitations: A Cross-Cultural Analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 30(2), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2024-3002-14
Palacio, M. A., & Gustilo, L. (2016). A pragmatic analysis of discourse particles in Filipino computer-mediated communication. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 16(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-01
Pamungkas, O. Y., Widodo, S. T., Suyitno, & Endraswara, S. (2021). Metaphor as a Strategy of Language Politeness: A Study of the Novel Tetralogy by Ki Padmasusastra. Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Politeness (ICLP 2020), 553(Iclp 2020), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210514.009
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Prasanna, A., Anakkathil Anil, M., & Bajaj, G. (2024). Teacher’s practice and perception of the influence of stories during preschool child development: A cross-sectional study from an ethnically diverse South Indian city. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 40(1), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/02656590241228419
Price, J. D. (2014). Resisting colonial mastery: Becoming animal, becoming ethical in the impressionist. Ariel, 45(1–2), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2014.0000
Saputry, D. (2016). Strategi Kesantunan Positif dan Negatif dalam Bentuk Tuturan Direktif di Lingkungan STKIP Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung. Jurnal Pesona, 2(1), 149–160.
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Vaughan, C., Gack, J., Solorazano, H., & Ray, R. (n.d.). The Effect of Environmental Education on Schoolchildren, Their Parents, and Community Members: A Study of Intergenerational and Intercommunity Learning.
Von Mossner, A. W. (2019). Why we care about (non-fictional places: Empathy, character, and narrative environment. Poetics Today, 40(3), 559–577. https://doi.org/10.1215/03335372-7558150
Widodo, S. T. (2018). Language Morality. 280(Basa), 15–18.
Yang, L. (2024). Affording pragmatics-focused training for language teachers: The case of L2 Mandarin Chinese. System, 125(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103447
Yin, R. K. (2015). Qualitative research from start to finish. Guilford publications.
Yulia, A., Sianturi, D. L., Pertiwi, R., & Yuhdi, A. (2019). Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa Peserta Didik Berdasarkan Kajian Pragmatik dalam Proses Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas X IPA 2 SMAN 7 Binjai, Sumatera Utara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional PBSI II, 2, 6–10. http://digilib.unimed.ac.id/38877/
Yusri, Y., Mantasiah, R., & Anwar, M. (2024). Assessing language impoliteness of primary school teachers in Indonesia. Asian Education and Development Studies, 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-08-2023-0098
Zhou, Q., & Larina, T. V. (2024). Power and solidarity in pronominal forms of address: A case study of Chinese and Russian teacher-student interactions. Training, Language and Culture, 8(1), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.22363/2521-442X-2024-8-1-87-100
Aljayyousi, G. F., Munshar, M. A., Al-Salim, F., & Osman, E. R. (2019). Addressing context to understand physical activity among Muslim university students: The role of gender, family, and culture. BMC Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7670-8
Artoni, D. (2024). How language teachers can go beyond speech etiquette: Adapting L2 Russian coursebooks to improve pragmatic competence. System, 126(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103506
Baider, F. (2020). Pragmatics lost? Overview, synthesis, and proposition in defining online hate speech. Pragmatics and Society, 11(2), 196–218.
Breunig, M. (2013). Food for Thought: An Analysis of Pro-Environmental Behaviours and Food Choices in Ontario Environmental Studies Programs. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 18, 155–172. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1697488547?accountid=14702
Brown, P. (2015). Politeness and Language. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 18). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.53072-4
Brown, P. &, & Levinson, S. C. (1988). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage (Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics 4). TESOL Quarterly, 22(4), 660. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587263
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. In Lodz Papers in Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2013-0005
Burić, I., & Kim, L. E. (2020). Teacher self-efficacy, instructional quality, and student motivational beliefs: An multilevel structural equation modeling analysis. Learning and Instruction, 66(3), 117–132.
Campbell, R. C., Reible, D. D., Taraban, R., & Kim, J.-H. (2019). Fostering reflective engineers : Outcomes of an arts- A and humanities-infused graduate course. 2018 World Engineering Education Forum - Global Engineering Deans Council, WEEF-GEDC 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/WEEF-GEDC.2018.8629714
Coe, R., Waring, M., Hedges, L. V, & Ashley, L. D. (2021). Research methods and methodologies in education. Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. Sage Publications, Inc.
Cruz, L. F., Moreno, W. A., & Howell, J. (2019). Ethical education in engineering: A pedagogical proposal based on cognitive neurosciences and adaptative complex systems. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078725707&partnerID=40&md5=71ede2093e4a9136411323f877972760
Darmawan, D. H. (2019). Smallholder farmers agency in the face of palm oil negative campaign. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 336(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/336/1/012010
Edo-Marzá, N., & Fortanet-Gómez, I. (2024). Training students in multimodal pragmatics for integrating Content and Language in business university studies. In Current Trends in EMI and Multimodality in Higher Education (pp. 202–224). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003205517-12
Gretsch, C. (2009). Pragmatics and integrational linguistics. Language and Communication, 29(4), 328–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2009.02.010
Huang, Y. (2008). Politeness Principle in Cross-Culture Communication. English Language Teaching, 1(1), 96–101. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v1n1p96
Ishihara, N. (2024). Fostering a translingual framework in teacher education focused on pragmatics: Identity and the multilingual turn in pragmatics pedagogy. System, 125(2), 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103457
Khalaji, H., & Jaafari Golnesaei, M. (2015). Pragmatic competence of request: A critical overview. International Journal of Educational Investigations, 2(10), 45–60.
Khany, R., & Beigi, M. (2024). A Forty-Year Systematic Review of World Englishes: Implications for Teaching, Learning, and Language Policy. TESL-EJ, 28(2), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.28110a1
Maciejewski, G., Mokrysz, S., & Wróblewski, Ł. (2019). Segmentation of coffee consumers using sustainable values: Cluster analysis on the Polish coffee market. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030613
Martins, R. M., Ferraz, S. B., & Fagundes, A. F. A. (2024). “Fundamentalist, pragmatic, or unconcerned?”: an analysis of consumers’ willingness to disclose information online. RAUSP Management Journal, 59(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-06-2023-0099
Mather, M., Pettigrew, L. M., & Navaratnam, S. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to clinical behavior change by primary care practitioners: a theory-informed systematic review of reviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel. In Systematic Reviews. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136921952&doi=10.1186%2Fs13643-022-02030-2&partnerID=40&md5=18396e3956cd4f00a044511855920c1b
Mealings, K., Miles, K., & Buchholz, J. M. (2024). The Classroom Communication and Collaboration Appraisal: A Comprehensive Tool for Assessing Communication and Collaboration in Classroom Environments. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR, 67(6), 1752–1771. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00586
Najeeb, Z. M., Maros, M., & Nor, N. F. M. (2012). Politeness in e-mails of Arab students in Malaysia. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 12(1), 125–145.
Nordin, N. R. M., Hamza, M. H., & Hussin, Z. (2024). Politeness Strategies in Declining Invitations: A Cross-Cultural Analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 30(2), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2024-3002-14
Palacio, M. A., & Gustilo, L. (2016). A pragmatic analysis of discourse particles in Filipino computer-mediated communication. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 16(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-01
Pamungkas, O. Y., Widodo, S. T., Suyitno, & Endraswara, S. (2021). Metaphor as a Strategy of Language Politeness: A Study of the Novel Tetralogy by Ki Padmasusastra. Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Politeness (ICLP 2020), 553(Iclp 2020), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210514.009
Peters, A.-K., Bengtsson, S., Cajander, A., Daniels, M., Grande, V., Lonngren, J., & Salminen-Karlsson, M. (2020). Care ethics to develop computing and engineering education for sustainability. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098560530&doi=10.1109%2FFIE44824.2020.9274188&partnerID=40&md5=7206dc5f5b0e5d169cbc53e7f811232a
Prasanna, A., Anakkathil Anil, M., & Bajaj, G. (2024). Teacher’s practice and perception of the influence of stories during preschool child development: A cross-sectional study from an ethnically diverse South Indian city. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 40(1), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/02656590241228419
Price, J. D. (2014). Resisting colonial mastery: Becoming animal, becoming ethical in the impressionist. Ariel, 45(1–2), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2014.0000
Saputry, D. (2016). Strategi Kesantunan Positif dan Negatif dalam Bentuk Tuturan Direktif di Lingkungan STKIP Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung. Jurnal Pesona, 2(1), 149–160.
Scarfuto, R. R. (2015). Literary trails of the mind inspired by nature: How walking the land brings new intellectual wisdom to humanity from gazing at stars to butterfly wings. In International Journal of Literary Humanities. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973163717&doi=10.18848%2F2327-7912%2Fcgp%2Fv13i04%2F43942&partnerID=40&md5=9c5df88cb2d19c90d7c49982dec3ea1c
Susandi, A., Prabowo, M., & Yulianto, B. (2024). Portrait of students’ language politeness in elementary school. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 13(1), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i1.24872
Vaughan, C., Gack, J., Solorazano, H., & Ray, R. (n.d.). The Effect of Environmental Education on Schoolchildren, Their Parents, and Community Members: A Study of Intergenerational and Intercommunity Learning.
Von Mossner, A. W. (2019). Why we care about (non-fictional places: Empathy, character, and narrative environment. Poetics Today, 40(3), 559–577. https://doi.org/10.1215/03335372-7558150
Widodo, S. T. (2018). Language Morality. 280(Basa), 15–18.
Yang, L. (2024). Affording pragmatics-focused training for language teachers: The case of L2 Mandarin Chinese. System, 125(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103447
Yin, R. K. (2015). Qualitative research from start to finish. Guilford publications.
Yulia, A., Sianturi, D. L., Pertiwi, R., & Yuhdi, A. (2019). Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa Peserta Didik Berdasarkan Kajian Pragmatik dalam Proses Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas X IPA 2 SMAN 7 Binjai, Sumatera Utara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional PBSI II, 2, 6–10. http://digilib.unimed.ac.id/38877/
Yusri, Y., Mantasiah, R., & Anwar, M. (2024). Assessing language impoliteness of primary school teachers in Indonesia. Asian Education and Development Studies, 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-08-2023-0098
Zhou, Q., & Larina, T. V. (2024). Power and solidarity in pronominal forms of address: A case study of Chinese and Russian teacher-student interactions. Training, Language and Culture, 8(1), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.22363/2521-442X-2024-8-1-87-100
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2024-12-31
How to Cite
Suroso, E. (2024). Between Reprimands and Support: An Exploration of Politeness in Teacher-Student Interaction in the Classroom Environment. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 16(2), 1527–1544. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v16i2.6367
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