Computational Thinking in Elementary School Students: A Bibliometric Review
Keywords:
Computational Thinking, Elementary School, Trends, Bibliometric
Abstract
This study aims to provide an in-depth overview of trends in Computational Thinking (CT) learning among elementary school students through bibliometric analysis. The development of CT skills, which include logical thinking, systematic problem-solving, decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic design, is essential to prepare students for navigating a technology-driven future. By encouraging CT in primary education, students better understand technology and versatile skills that can be applied in various fields. This study uses a bibliometric approach by systematically collecting and analyzing scientific articles on CT in elementary schools. The analysis used specific metrics, including publication trends, citation analysis, and identifying leading research areas. Data is drawn from leading academic databases and analyzed to track the progress and impact of CT research over time. The results show a significant increase in publications and citations on CT, which peaked in 2021. The main trend highlights the importance of visual programming tools like Scratch in improving students' understanding of programming concepts, logic, and motivation. The study also uncovered research gaps and suggested areas that need further investigation, particularly in developing CT curricula and more effective teaching methodologies. These findings are expected to significantly contribute to advancing CT education and help equip the younger generation with the skills needed.
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References
Abar, C. A. A. P. (2021a). Computational Thinking in Elementary School in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Where is the Teacher? Acta Scientiae, 23(6), 270–299. https://doi.org/10.17648/ACTA.SCIENTIAE.6869
Abar, C. A. A. P. (2021b). Computational Thinking in Elementary School in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Where is the Teacher? Acta Scientiae, 23(6), 270–299. https://doi.org/10.17648/ACTA.SCIENTIAE.6869
Acevedo-Borrega, J. (2022). Computational Thinking and Educational Technology: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Education Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010039
Afif, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Computational Thinking Based Mathematic Worksheets on Students’ Problem-Solving Ability With Linear Equation Two Variables at Ambarawa 1 Junior High School. Annual International Conference on Islamic Education for Students, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.18326/aicoies.v1i1.291
Afifah, K. R., & Istiqomah, W. N. (2022). Pengembangan Literasi Berbasis Mobile Learning pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(2), 1659–1667. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i2.2198
Alkautsar, S., Nuryady, Moh. M., Husamah, H., Wahyono, P., & Miharja, F. J. (2023). STEM-PjBL Worksheet: Ways to Improve Students’ Collaboration, Creativity, and Computational Thinking. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 9(2), 681–695. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v9i2.7587
Aminah, N., Sukestiyarno, Wardono, & Cahyono, A. N. (2022). A Teaching Practice Design Based on a Computational Thinking Approach for Prospective Math Teachers Using Ed-tech Apps. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 16(14), 43–62. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i14.30463
Amri, A. H., & Suryanti, S. (2021). Profile of Creativity in Mathematical Problem Solving in terms of Self-Efficacy and Gender. Daya Matematis: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(3), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.26858/jdm.v9i3.27412
Aydeniz, M. (2018). Integrating computational thinking in the school curriculum. Computational Thinking in the STEM Disciplines: Foundations and Research Highlights, Query date: 2023-08-13 23:29:46, 253–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93566-9_13
Chen, G. (2017). Assessing elementary students’ computational thinking in everyday reasoning and robotics programming. Computers and Education, 109, 162–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.001
Dana-Picard, T. (2020). STEAM Education: Technological Skills, Students’ Cultural Background and Covid-19 Crisis. Open Education Studies, 2(1), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2020-0121
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
English, L. D. (2017). Advancing Elementary and Middle School STEM Education. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 15, 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9802-x
Firdaus, T. C. M., Maharani, S., Romandoni, H. R., & Septyawan, A. (2023). Analisis Bibliometrik: Emosi dan Empati sebagai Luaran dari Penerapan Characters Computational Thinking dalam Pembelajaran. EDUCARE: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 11–19.
Flórez, F. B. (2017). Changing a Generation’s Way of Thinking: Teaching Computational Thinking Through Programming. Review of Educational Research, 87(4), 834–860. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654317710096
Fofang, J. (2020). Mutually supportive mathematics and computational thinking in a fourth-grade classroom. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Conference, CSCL, 3, 1389–1396.
Fried, M. N. (2020). Authority and Mathematics Education. In Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education (pub.1125081648; pp. 69–72). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15789-0_14
Grover, S., & Pea, R. (2013). Computational thinking in K–12: A review of the state of the field. Educational Researcher, Query date: 2023-08-08 11:00:18. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x12463051
Hidaayatullaah, H. N., Suprapto, N., Hariyono, E., Prahani, B. K., & Wulandari, D. (2021). Research Trends on Ethnoscience Based Learning through Bibliometric Analysis: Contributed to Physics Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2110(1), 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2110/1/012026
Hsu, T. C. (2021). Simultaneously Improving Computational Thinking and Foreign Language Learning: Interdisciplinary Media With Plugged and Unplugged Approaches. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(6), 1184–1207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633121992480
Hsu, T. C. (2022). Learning Performance of Different Genders’ Computational Thinking. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416514
Hsu, T. C. (2023). Sequential Behavior Analysis of Interdisciplinary Activities in Computational Thinking and EFL Learning With Game-Based Learning. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 16(2), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2023.3249749
Israel, M. (2015). Supporting all learners in school-wide computational thinking: A cross-case qualitative analysis. Computers and Education, 82, 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.022
Kim, Y. (2016). Application of a software education program developed to improve computational thinking in elementary school girls. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(44). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i44/105102
Lee, I. (2020a). Computational Thinking from a Disciplinary Perspective: Integrating Computational Thinking in K-12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-019-09803-w
Lee, I. (2020b). Computational Thinking from a Disciplinary Perspective: Integrating Computational Thinking in K-12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-019-09803-w
Lyon, J. A. (2020). Computational thinking in higher education: A review of the literature. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 28(5), 1174–1189. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22295
Maharani, S. (2019). PROBLEM-SOLVING IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPUTATIONAL THINKING. Infinity Journal, 8(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v8i2.p109-116
Maharani, S. (2023). Trends in Mathematics Research in Early Childhood: Bibliometric Review. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(4), 3883–3894. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.4907
Maharani, S., Mu’arif, A. N., & Andari, T. (2023). Computational Thinking: Vocational Students Abstraction in Solve the Geometric Pattern Problem. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.2478
Maharani, S., Susanti, V. D., Andari, T., Krisdiana, I., & Astuti, I. P. (2023). Computational Thinking (CT)-based Student Worksheet to Improve the Mathematical Literacy of Mathematics Prospective Teacher. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(3), 2690–2702. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i3.4412
Manches, A. (2017). Computing education in children’s early years: A call for debate. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(1), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12355
Muhammad, I., & Triansyah, F. (2023). Panduan Lengkap Analisis Bibliometrik dengan VOSviewer: Memahami Perkembangan dan Tren Penelitian di Era Digital. In Books.google.com. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=tZLQEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA22&dq=%22muhammad+ilham%22+bibliometric&ots=S70dYGv8Nk&sig=F_j_eH2vh8zjkGRlntSf-Zen-5E
Pardo, A. S. (2018). Computational Thinking between Philosophy and STEM - Programming Decision Making Applied to the Behavior of “Moral Machines” in Ethical Values Classroom. Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias Del Aprendizaje, 13(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2018.2809940
Repenning, A. (2015). Scalable game design: A strategy to bring systemic computer science education to schools through game design and simulation creation. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1145/2700517
Rich, K. M. (2020). Teacher implementation profiles for integrating computational thinking into elementary mathematics and science instruction. Education and Information Technologies, 25(4), 3161–3188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10115-5
Rich, K. M. (2022). A Learning Trajectory for Variables Based in Computational Thinking Literature: Using Levels of Thinking to Develop Instruction. Computer Science Education, 32(2), 213–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2020.1866938
Romandoni, H. R., Maharani, S., Firdaus, T. C. M., & Septyawan, A. (2023). Analisis Bibliometrik: Games Computational Thinking dalam Pembelajaran. EDUCARE: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 20–28.
Rowe, E. (2021). Assessing implicit computational thinking in Zoombinis puzzle gameplay. Computers in Human Behavior, 120(Query date: 2023-12-03 10:39:42). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106707
Sáez-López, J. (2016). Visual programming languages integrated across the curriculum in elementary school: A two-year case study using “scratch” in five schools. Computers and Education, 97, 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.003
Shamir, G. (2022). Teaching machine learning in elementary school. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2021.100415
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215
Abar, C. A. A. P. (2021b). Computational Thinking in Elementary School in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Where is the Teacher? Acta Scientiae, 23(6), 270–299. https://doi.org/10.17648/ACTA.SCIENTIAE.6869
Acevedo-Borrega, J. (2022). Computational Thinking and Educational Technology: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Education Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010039
Afif, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Computational Thinking Based Mathematic Worksheets on Students’ Problem-Solving Ability With Linear Equation Two Variables at Ambarawa 1 Junior High School. Annual International Conference on Islamic Education for Students, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.18326/aicoies.v1i1.291
Afifah, K. R., & Istiqomah, W. N. (2022). Pengembangan Literasi Berbasis Mobile Learning pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(2), 1659–1667. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i2.2198
Alkautsar, S., Nuryady, Moh. M., Husamah, H., Wahyono, P., & Miharja, F. J. (2023). STEM-PjBL Worksheet: Ways to Improve Students’ Collaboration, Creativity, and Computational Thinking. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 9(2), 681–695. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v9i2.7587
Aminah, N., Sukestiyarno, Wardono, & Cahyono, A. N. (2022). A Teaching Practice Design Based on a Computational Thinking Approach for Prospective Math Teachers Using Ed-tech Apps. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 16(14), 43–62. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i14.30463
Amri, A. H., & Suryanti, S. (2021). Profile of Creativity in Mathematical Problem Solving in terms of Self-Efficacy and Gender. Daya Matematis: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(3), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.26858/jdm.v9i3.27412
Aydeniz, M. (2018). Integrating computational thinking in the school curriculum. Computational Thinking in the STEM Disciplines: Foundations and Research Highlights, Query date: 2023-08-13 23:29:46, 253–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93566-9_13
Chen, G. (2017). Assessing elementary students’ computational thinking in everyday reasoning and robotics programming. Computers and Education, 109, 162–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.001
Dana-Picard, T. (2020). STEAM Education: Technological Skills, Students’ Cultural Background and Covid-19 Crisis. Open Education Studies, 2(1), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2020-0121
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
English, L. D. (2017). Advancing Elementary and Middle School STEM Education. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 15, 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9802-x
Firdaus, T. C. M., Maharani, S., Romandoni, H. R., & Septyawan, A. (2023). Analisis Bibliometrik: Emosi dan Empati sebagai Luaran dari Penerapan Characters Computational Thinking dalam Pembelajaran. EDUCARE: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 11–19.
Flórez, F. B. (2017). Changing a Generation’s Way of Thinking: Teaching Computational Thinking Through Programming. Review of Educational Research, 87(4), 834–860. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654317710096
Fofang, J. (2020). Mutually supportive mathematics and computational thinking in a fourth-grade classroom. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Conference, CSCL, 3, 1389–1396.
Fried, M. N. (2020). Authority and Mathematics Education. In Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education (pub.1125081648; pp. 69–72). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15789-0_14
Grover, S., & Pea, R. (2013). Computational thinking in K–12: A review of the state of the field. Educational Researcher, Query date: 2023-08-08 11:00:18. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x12463051
Hidaayatullaah, H. N., Suprapto, N., Hariyono, E., Prahani, B. K., & Wulandari, D. (2021). Research Trends on Ethnoscience Based Learning through Bibliometric Analysis: Contributed to Physics Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2110(1), 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2110/1/012026
Hsu, T. C. (2021). Simultaneously Improving Computational Thinking and Foreign Language Learning: Interdisciplinary Media With Plugged and Unplugged Approaches. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(6), 1184–1207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633121992480
Hsu, T. C. (2022). Learning Performance of Different Genders’ Computational Thinking. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416514
Hsu, T. C. (2023). Sequential Behavior Analysis of Interdisciplinary Activities in Computational Thinking and EFL Learning With Game-Based Learning. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 16(2), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2023.3249749
Israel, M. (2015). Supporting all learners in school-wide computational thinking: A cross-case qualitative analysis. Computers and Education, 82, 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.022
Kim, Y. (2016). Application of a software education program developed to improve computational thinking in elementary school girls. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(44). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i44/105102
Lee, I. (2020a). Computational Thinking from a Disciplinary Perspective: Integrating Computational Thinking in K-12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-019-09803-w
Lee, I. (2020b). Computational Thinking from a Disciplinary Perspective: Integrating Computational Thinking in K-12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-019-09803-w
Lyon, J. A. (2020). Computational thinking in higher education: A review of the literature. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 28(5), 1174–1189. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22295
Maharani, S. (2019). PROBLEM-SOLVING IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPUTATIONAL THINKING. Infinity Journal, 8(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v8i2.p109-116
Maharani, S. (2023). Trends in Mathematics Research in Early Childhood: Bibliometric Review. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(4), 3883–3894. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.4907
Maharani, S., Mu’arif, A. N., & Andari, T. (2023). Computational Thinking: Vocational Students Abstraction in Solve the Geometric Pattern Problem. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.2478
Maharani, S., Susanti, V. D., Andari, T., Krisdiana, I., & Astuti, I. P. (2023). Computational Thinking (CT)-based Student Worksheet to Improve the Mathematical Literacy of Mathematics Prospective Teacher. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(3), 2690–2702. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i3.4412
Manches, A. (2017). Computing education in children’s early years: A call for debate. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(1), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12355
Muhammad, I., & Triansyah, F. (2023). Panduan Lengkap Analisis Bibliometrik dengan VOSviewer: Memahami Perkembangan dan Tren Penelitian di Era Digital. In Books.google.com. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=tZLQEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA22&dq=%22muhammad+ilham%22+bibliometric&ots=S70dYGv8Nk&sig=F_j_eH2vh8zjkGRlntSf-Zen-5E
Pardo, A. S. (2018). Computational Thinking between Philosophy and STEM - Programming Decision Making Applied to the Behavior of “Moral Machines” in Ethical Values Classroom. Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias Del Aprendizaje, 13(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2018.2809940
Repenning, A. (2015). Scalable game design: A strategy to bring systemic computer science education to schools through game design and simulation creation. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1145/2700517
Rich, K. M. (2020). Teacher implementation profiles for integrating computational thinking into elementary mathematics and science instruction. Education and Information Technologies, 25(4), 3161–3188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10115-5
Rich, K. M. (2022). A Learning Trajectory for Variables Based in Computational Thinking Literature: Using Levels of Thinking to Develop Instruction. Computer Science Education, 32(2), 213–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2020.1866938
Romandoni, H. R., Maharani, S., Firdaus, T. C. M., & Septyawan, A. (2023). Analisis Bibliometrik: Games Computational Thinking dalam Pembelajaran. EDUCARE: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 20–28.
Rowe, E. (2021). Assessing implicit computational thinking in Zoombinis puzzle gameplay. Computers in Human Behavior, 120(Query date: 2023-12-03 10:39:42). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106707
Sáez-López, J. (2016). Visual programming languages integrated across the curriculum in elementary school: A two-year case study using “scratch” in five schools. Computers and Education, 97, 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.003
Shamir, G. (2022). Teaching machine learning in elementary school. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2021.100415
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215
Published
2024-11-09
How to Cite
Maharani, S., Yuniahastuti, I. T., Prastyaningrum, I., Susanti, V. D., & Romandoni, H. R. (2024). Computational Thinking in Elementary School Students: A Bibliometric Review. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 16(2), 1209-1222. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v16i2.5824
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Copyright (c) 2024 Swasti Maharani, Irna Tri Yuniahastuti, Ihtiari Prastyaningrum, Vera Dewi Susanti, Hendrisa Rizqie Romandoni
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